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1高中作文写作：议论文(专题二）基本类型:记叙文----写事记叙文、写人的记叙文议论文----对比观点议论文、说明利弊议论文说明文----事理类说明文、事物类说明文应用文----书信、通知、日记、海报、便条、启事、欢迎词、欢送词、告别词、广告议论文（一）定义：议论文又叫说理文，是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。作者通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非，以确定其观点正确或错误，树立或否定某种主张。三要素论点，论据和论证是议论文的三要素，论点是作者对所论问题所持的见解和主张；论据是用来证明论点的事实和道理的根据；论证就是用论据来证明论点的方法和过程。一般来说，议论文每段应有主题句（topicsentence）来确定论点。文章结尾往往提出自己的看法、意见或建议，表示对某一现象或论点的赞成或反对。论证有立论和驳论两种，作者证明自己的论点正确，是立论；反之，证明别人的论点错误，是驳论。议论文的注意事项1.论点要鲜明，不可含糊其辞；论据要充分，要能充分证明观点的命题性，论据过程要条理清晰。2.文章安排逻辑性要强，推理要严密。3.重在说理，以理服人。4.主要使用现在时态。5.中学英语书面表达所要求的议论文，是一种限定性的写作，其论点、论据和论证都比较明确，有的文章提出问题，如：……为什么？/……怎么办？/……该采取什么措施？考生可以结合题目要求阐述相关的观点，切忌随意发挥。★议论文模板一、正反观点式议论文模板导入：第1段：Recentlywe’vehadadiscussionaboutwhetherweshould…（导入话题）Ouropinionsaredividedonthistopic.（观点有分歧）正文：第2段：Mostofthestudentsareinfavorofit.（正方观点）Herearethereasons.First…Second…Finally…（列出2~3个赞成的理由）第3段：However,theothersarestronglyagainstit.（反方观点）Theirreasonsareasfollows.Inthefirstplace…What’smore…Inaddition…（列出2~3个反对的理由）结论：第4段：Personallyspeaking,theadvantagesoverweighthedisadvantages,foritwilldousmoregoodthanharm,soIsupportit（个人观点）二、“A”或者“B”类议论文模板：导入：第1段SomepeopleholdtheopinionthatAissuperiortoBinmanyways.Others,however,arguethatBismuchbetter.Personally,IwouldpreferAbecauseIthinkAhasmoreadvantages.正文：第2段2TherearemanyreasonswhyIpreferA.Themainreasonisthat…Anotherreasonisthat…(赞同A的原因)第3段：Allthesefactorsareconsidered,AismuchbetterthanB.Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemayfinallydrawtheconclusionthatAissuperiortoBinmanyways.…(得出结论)三、观点论述类议论文模板：导入：第1段：提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题Asastudent,Iamstronglyinfavorofthedecision.(亮明自已的观点是赞成还是反对)Thereasonsforthismaybelistedasfollows.（过渡句，承上启下）正文：第2段：Firstofall…Secondly…Besides…（列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由）结论：第3段：Inconclusion,Ibelievethat…(照应第1段，构成“总—分—总”结构)四、连贯地连接信息（1）常用的过渡词（组）1.表示并列what’smore,inaddition,too,aswell,besides,furthermore,moreover,what’sworse.2.表示因果therefore,forthisreason,thus,consequently.3.表示转折but,however,onthecontrary,instead,ononehand…ontheotherhand4.表示时间顺序later,afterwards,fromthenon,eventually,inthemeantime,then,atthesametime,afterawhile,atpresent,afterthat,finally5.表示列举first,tobeginwith,secondly,firstofall,then,next,finally6.举例说明suchas,forexample,forinstance,take…forexample7.表示让步nevertheless,still8.表示对比onthecontrary,incontrast,similarly9.陈述事实infact,actually,asamatteroffact,totellyouthetruth10.表示总结inaword,inshort,tosumup,inconclusion,onthewhole,toconclude,inbrief,insummary,ingeneral,allinall11.表示意义重复that’stosay,inotherwords,toputitinanotherway,toputitdifferently12.表示强调aboveall,moreimportantly,indeed,withoutanydoubt(2)常用的过渡句式有：1.Idoagreewith…2.Insomeway,Iagreewith…,but…3.Thispointsoundsright,but…4.However,Ithink…5.Idefinitelybelieve…6.Inmyopinion/view,…7.Personally,Ifeelthat…/Personally,Iagreewith…8.AsfarasI’mconcerned,…9.Ican’tagreemorewiththefather.Suchcasesareoftenseeninourlife10.Attitudestowards…arevarious.11.foronething.…..foranother12.lastbutnottheleast….(3)表达观点认为Think/feel/consider/say/holdthat/holdtheviewthat/insist/believethat依我看Inmyopinion/inmyview/inmyeyes/asfarasIamconcerned就我所知AsfarasIknow我有理由如下Myreasonsareasfollows我的观点如下Herearemyopinions赞成/支持Agree/befor/beinfavorof3恐怕I’mafraidthat…我相信I’mconvincedthat…我反对Idon’tagreewiththeideathat…（4）引用俗话说/常言道Theregoestheoldsaying…Asthesayinggoes…Thereisasaying…Asaproverbsays…Asweallknow…（5）常用句子1.Differentpeople(students)havedifferentideas.2.Differentpeoplelookat…indifferentways.3.60%ofthestudentsholdtheviewthat…Ontheotherhand,40%believethat…4.Opinionsonthequestionaredividedasfollows:70%ofthestudentsthinkthat…..Ontheotherhand,30%don’tliketheideaof….5.I’dlovetogivemyopinionabout…..6.Therearemanyadvantagesin…First….Second,…Third…However,therearesomedisadvantagesaswell…….Besides,议论文通常由立论、论证和结论三部分组成，120词左右的议论文无需大量旁征博引，但要观点明确，逻辑严密，语言简练，以理服人。同学们在写议论文时不妨采用下面的方法来试一试。一、结构上采用三或四段式，显得简明晰。首段先写主题，然后第二部分写正方或支持方及反方或反对方的观点，尾段写自己的看法或意见，段落一定要清晰。二、套话先行。套话先行可以起到先声夺人的效果。这既能迅速博得阅卷老师的好感，又能避免过早出现无谓的错误。1、首段通常为1）Manynations/collegestudentshavebeenfacedwiththeproblemof……2）Recentlytheproblemhasbeenbroughtintofocus.3）Recentlythephenomenonhasbecomeaheatedtopic.4）Recentlytheissuehasarousedgreatconcernamong……5）Nowadaysthereisagrowingconcernover……6）Neverinourhistoryhastheideathat……beensopopular.7）Facedwith……,quiteafewpeoplearguethat……8）Accordingtoarecentsurvey,……9）Withtherapiddevelopmentofeconomy/society……,10）Recentlyweheld(havehold)adiscussionwhether….11)Whenitcomesto…,(当说到…)2.、第二段首句通常可以这样写：Asisknowntoall…play(s)animportantpart/roleinourdailylife/modernsociety.However,differentpeoplehavedifferentopinions(背熟此句，想错都难)．．．Somepeople/Themajorityofthestudentsthinkit(is)agoodidea/important/useful/convenientforsomebody（根据题意改人称）todo….Othersargue/claimthattheopposite/reverseistrue…4列举观点或Obviously…..hasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages．…../However，justaseverycoinhastwosides，…hasit’sdisadvantages．如果是两个论据，可以采用下列模式：ononehand+1…+ontheotherhand2.或…isonething..isanother…如果是三个以上的论据，则可以简单采用以下模式：Firstly,/tobeginwith…+Secondly/furthermore,…Finally/lastbutnottheleast,…注意：表明各方观点时常用一般现在时态。3.结论陈述自己观点Thereisprobablysometruthinbotharguments／statements，but…AsfarasI’mconcerned/Personally/Asforme/