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一、介绍与其重要性•句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。英语的句子成分有八种：主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。●学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律，掌握了句子的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配，就能写出完整、正确的句子。句子成分详解表句子成分意义充当词类例句主语表示句子说的是什么人或什么事名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或句子WestudyinHuangQiaoMiddleSchool.谓语说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样动词或动词词组Sheisdancingunderthetree.宾语表示动作行为的对象同主语BothofuslikeEnglish.表语与联系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质或特征同主语Herfatherisachemist.Hiswordssoundreasonable.定语用来修饰名词或代词形，代，数，名,副，介词短语或句子Wehaveeightlessonseveryday.状语修饰动词，形容词，副词，表示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，结果等副词，介词短语或句子Heworksveryhard.TheyheldapartyinHollywood.宾语补足语逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系形容词，名词，介词短语等Shealwayskeepsthehouseclean.主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！英语的句子成分：•一）主语：Wallshaveears.Hewilltakeyoutothehospital.Threeplusfourequalsseven.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisnotallowedinpublicplaces.Whetherornottheywillcomedependsontheweather.•二）谓语由_____________担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。Actionspeakslouderthanwords.Thechancemaynevercomeagain.Maryhasbeenworkingatthedressshopsince1994.动词/动词短语名词代词数词todo不定式doing动名词句子1.Myfatherisaprofessor.2.Who'sthat?It'sme.3.Everythinghereisexpensive.4.Thematchbecameveryexciting.5.Thestoryofmylifemaybeofhelptoothers.6.Threetimesfiveisfifteen.7.Hisplanistoseekworkinthecity.8.Myfirstideawasthatyoushouldhideyourfeelings.三）表语它的位置在_______________之后。是用来说明主语的_______,______,_______的.系动词、连系动词性质特征状态名词n代词pron形容词adjadj介词短语数词todo不定式句子（四）宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在___________之后。_____词后也会跟宾语。1.Shecoveredherfacewithherhands.2.Wehaven'tseenherforalongtime.3.Doyoumindopeningthewindow?4.Givemefourplease.5.Hewantstodreamanicedream.6.Weneedknowwhatothersaredoing.7.Weshouldcaremoreaboutourfriends.动词/动词短语介词名词n代词pron动名词代词和数词todo不定式句子介词+名词（五）定语是修饰___词.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_____；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_____。1.Theyarewomanworkers.2.Tom'sfatherdidn'twritehomeuntilyesterday.3.Maryisabeautifulgirl.4.Theplayhasthreeacts.5.ThisisherfirsttriptoEurope.6.Chinaisadevelopingcountry.7.Ihavenothingtoeat.8.ThosewhowanttogotoTibetaretosigntheirnameshere.名前后名词名词所有格形容词adj数词形容词/序数词/todo不定式现在分词doingtodo不定式从句六）状语状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、伴随情况等。1.Thebestfishswimnearthebottom.2.Ileftthevillagefiveyearsago.3.Iarrivedlatebecauseofthetrafficjam.4.We'llsendacartofetchyou.5.Thefishcaneatapersonintwominutes,leavingonlybones6.Thestudentscameintotheclassroom,singinganddancing.7.Ifhegoes,sowillI.8.Thoughheisachild,heknowsalot.地点状语时间状语原因状语目的状语结果状语伴随状语条件状语让步状语七）宾语补足语。英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。1.Theyelectedmecaptainoftheteam.2.Wetrytomakeourcountrystrong.3.Wefoundeverythingingoodorderthere.4.Ishouldadviseyoutogetthechance.5.Isawhimgoingupstairs.6.Theyfoundthehousebrokenin.名词形容词介词短语todo不定式现在分词doingdone过去分词宾语和宾语补足语一起构成动词的复合结构八）主语补足语如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成为主语，原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语1.Iwaselectedcaptainoftheteam.2.Ourcountrywillbemadestrong.与宾语补足语一样口诀记忆主谓宾表定状补，解释说明同位语。句子主干主谓宾（表），辅助成分定状补。定语修饰名词代，状修动词还有副。主谓人称数一致，宾语之后常有补。二.五种简单句基本句型1.主语+谓语+宾语2.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语3.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语动词系动词不及物动词及物动词主语+系+表语主语+谓语1）Ourcityisatthecrossingofsomeimportantrailways.主语系动词表语2）Thecitywillbecomerich.主语系动词表语•在这类结构中最常用的系动词是：“变化”类：______________________________________________.“感官”类:______________________________________________.“持续”类：___________________________________________.其他：（似乎）_______________(证明是)_________get/become/turn/grow/gotaste/smell/feel/look/soundstay/keep/remainSeemappearturnout/prove(tobe)1．主语+系动词+表语Exercises1.你的故事听起来很有趣。____________________________________.2.把鱼放在冰箱里，否则它会变坏的。_____________________________________.3.这种炎热的天气将会保持几天。_____________________________________.4.这个计划证明是可行的。____________________________________.Youstorysoundedveryinteresting.Putthefishintofridge,ortheywillgobad.Thehotdaywillremain/stay/keepafewdays.Theplanturnedout/proved（tobe)practical.2．主语+谓语1）Buildinghasstarted.主语谓语2）Thetrainleavesat7:40.主语谓语•______搭配：Theteacherteacheswell.Thechildwalksveryslowly.•_____搭配：Thegirllookedatthepicture.Thechildrenrantotheforest.动词副词动词介词Exercise•我每天起的很早，走到小花园，坐在凳子上。_______________________________________________EverydayIgetupearly,walktotheparkandsitonthebench.3．主语+谓语+宾语1.Thebossemployedfivemoreworkers.主语谓语宾语1.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.2.Fewstudentsliketakingexams.3.Heforgottoclosethedoor.4.IhopeIcanspeakEnglishfluently.Exercise1.他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。________________________________.2.他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快将其喝光。________________________________.3.他许诺给我一个礼物。________________________________.Hedrovesofastthathebrokethetrafficrules.Hetookoutabeeranddrankitupquickly.Hepromisedtogivemeagift.4．主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语1）Hehasfetchedussomenewtextbooks.主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语2）Grandmacookedusanicemeal.主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语3）Themantoldthegirlthathewantstotestherthesubject.4）TheboyaskedmeifIcouldspeakChinese.可接双宾语的常见动词有：ask,answer,give,offer,send,bring,pass,tell,show,teach,promise•顺便问一下，她把钱付给你了吗？____________________________________.•下学期谁教你们生物？____________________________________.•Mr.White告诉我为什么他要出国。_____________________________________.Bytheway,hasshepaidyoumoney?Whowillteachyoubiology?Mr.Whitetoldmewhyhewentabroad.Exercise•他总是把他的卧室收拾得干干净净。______________________________________.•我建议他多读点书。__________________________________________.•他修了机器。_____________