搜索
高考必考语法精讲精练语法专题三：冠词冠词是一种虚词,本身不能单独使用,通常放在一个名词的前面,帮助说明该名词的词义，冠词是高考必考内容之一。冠词有三种：定冠词（the）和不定冠词（a/an）和零冠词。《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对冠词的考查：冠词的一般用法。纵观历年高考试题，试题中出现的考点主要有：冠词的位置；冠词的最基本的用法，理解泛指与类指、特指与专指的区别；冠词的习惯用法。2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第72题考查的是定冠词the加在可数名词前面表示特指。2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第70题（语法填空）考查的是定冠词the加在代词other前面表示特指；第78题（短文改错）考查的是将定冠词the改为不定冠词a表示泛指。2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ第65题（语法填空）考查的是固定短语asaresult里的不定冠词a；第72题（短文改错）考查的是序数词first前面加定冠词the（根据语境也可以加代词my）。I.冠词的基本用法:在学习冠词的用法时，必须明确特指与泛指的概念，特指是大家都知道的所指的事物或内容；泛指是指不明确、不特别指明的或者一类中任何具有代表性的人或事物。名词前用哪一个冠词、用还是不用冠词通常取决于名词的类别和意义。也就是名词可数还是不可数、单数还是复数、特指还是泛指。它们的关系可以用下表表示：冠词意义用法举例名词类别特指泛指表类别表示“一个(些)”可数名词单数thebookabook/anideaabook/anidea可数名词复数thebooksbookssomebooks不可数名词thewaterwatersomewaterII.不定冠词的用法：1指一类人或事，相当于akindofAplaneisamachinethatcanfly.2第一次提及某人某物，非特指Aboyiswaitingforyou.3表示“每一”相当于every，oneWestudyeighthoursaday.4表示“相同”相当于thesameWearenearlyofanage.5用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事AMr.SmithcametovisityouwhenyouwereoutThatboyisratheraLeiFeng.6用于固定词组中Acoupleof,abit,onceuponatime,inahurry,haveawalk,manyatime7用于quite,rather,many,half,what,such之后Thisroomisratherabigone.8用于so(as,too,how)+形容词之后Sheisascleveragirlasyoucanwishtomeet.III.定冠词的用法：1表示某一类人或物Thehorseisausefulanimal.2用于世上独一无二的事物名词前theuniverse,themoon,thePacificOcean3表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?4用于乐器前面playtheviolin,playtheguitar5用于形容词和分词前表示一类人therich,theliving,thewounded6表示“一家人”或“夫妇”theGreens,theWangs7用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavebeentoBeijing.Heisthetalleststudentinourclass.8用于国家党派等以及江河湖海、山川群岛的名词前theUnitedStates,theCommunistPartyofChina,theFrench9用于表示发明物的单数名词前ThecompasswasinventedinChina.10在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代inthe1990’s11用于表示单位的名词前Ihiredthecarbythehour.12用于方位名词，身体部位名词，及表示时间的词组前Hepattedmeontheshoulder.IV.零冠词的用法：1专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前BeijingUniversity,Jack,China,love,air2名词前有this,my,whose,some,no,each,every等限制Iwantthisbook,notthatone.Whosepurseisthis?3季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前March,Sunday,NationalDay,spring4表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前LincolnwasmadePresidentofAmerica.5学科，语言，球类，棋类名词前Helikesplayingfootball/chess.6与by连用表示交通工具的名词前bytrain,byair,byland7以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时husbandandwife,knifeandfork,dayandnight8表示泛指的复数名词前Horsesareusefulanimals.V.高考英语短文改错及语法填空考点分析及训练·冠词考点规律分析：短文改错对冠词的考查主要涉及冠词的误加和漏用，有时也考查不定冠词与定冠词以及零冠词的用法区别(包括a与an的区别)。其中，涉及最多的是，当一个单数可数名词表示泛指时，其前漏用不定冠词；另外，冠词在一些习语中的用法也是一个重要考点。语法填空主要涉及冠词的添加与选择。冠词单句改错之真题训练：1.Afterahourorsowebegantofeelveryfrightened.2.Idecidedtoclimbthetreetoseewherewewere.3.Somepeoplereadthebooksorwatchtelevisionwhileothershavesports.4.Goodhealthisperson’smostvaluablepossession.5.Modernpeopleknowmoreaboutthehealth,havebetterfood,andliveinclearersurroundings.6.ThereispubliclibraryineverytowninBritain.7.Maybeyoucouldcomeduringawinterholidays.8.TodayIvisitedtheSmiths—myfirstvisittoaAmericanfamily.9.Eachplayermustobeycaptain,whoistheleaderoftheteam.10.Somewantedtoseetheprogrammewhileotherspreferredanother.11.I’lltakethischancetowishyouwonderfultimeonyourbirthday.12.Suddenly,IcaughtasightofmyEnglishteacherinthecrowd.13.Forexample,whenIwasachild,therainwasamystery(奥秘).14.Wemaybeonefamilyandliveunderasameroof.15.Aseveryoneknows,it’sfamousmountainwithallkindsofplantsandanimals.16.Myteacheradvisedmetokeepmydiary.17.WhenIwasboy,themostexcitingthingwastocelebratetheSpringFestival.18.OnThursdayIwillhavetodecidewhatIwanttodooveraweekend.19.Andeveryyearmoreandmorepeoplestartastampcollectionoftheirownanddiscoveraninterestwhichcanevenlastlifetime.20.Tenminuteslater,thefiremencameandputoutfire.21.Aswealllefthomeatearlyage,…冠词单句改错之模拟训练：1.Hersister,whoisnurse,willmarryoneofthedoctorsinthehospital.2.Itwassuchwonderfuldinnerthatweenjoyeditverymuch.3.Itwasraininghard,soIhadtoborrowaumbrella.4.MyfriendMarycomesfromanEuropeancountry.5.MrSmithusedtobephysicsteachertillheturnedwriter.6.Insmallvillagelikethis,everybodyknowseverybodyelse.7.Onlyfewofthechildrencanreadsuchbooks.8.Forlongtimeneitherofusspoketoeachother.9.Look,agirlinblueismycousin.10.Look!Acarhasstoppedthere.Acarisbeautiful.11.Sheaskedwhetherwecamefromasamecity.12.Themountainwascoveredwiththesnowalltheyearround.13.Youdon’tknowwhatwonderfultimewe’vehad.14.Peoplemadethefunofherbecausesheworesuchstrangeclothes.15.Soontheplanewasoutofthesight.16.Greatchangeshavetakentheplaceinmyhometownsince1978.17.Intheword,heisagoodstudentandallofuslikehim.18.Yousayyoutookthebookwithouthispermission.Intheotherwords,youstoleit.冠词单句语法填空之真题训练：1.In1931，Addamsbecame________firstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.2.Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsidefor________while,exercising,ordoingsomethingyouenjoy.3.Inthatcase,wewilllearnlittleabout________world.4.Anewcollectionofphotosbrings________unsuccessfulAntarcticvoyagebacktolife.5.AppleDaysarebeingheldatallsortsofplaceswith________interestinfruit,includingstatelygardensandcommercialorchards(果园)．6.Itwas________coldJanuaryin1925inNorthAlaska.Thetownwascutofffromtherestoftheworldduetoheavysnow7.Theyhaveadifferentkindofsuperpowerthatallofuspossess:thepowertomake________differenceinthelivesofothers.8.ElNinõ，________Spanishtermfor“theChristchild”，wasnamedbySouthAmericanfi