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Unit3AlienationandtheInternetUnit3Itisconvenientforustocommunicatewithfamilymembersandfriends.Italsohelpstheeducationandoffersallkindsofusefulinformation,forexample,currentaffairs.Shoppingonlinehasbecomeamodernpartofourlife.Savebothmoneyandtime,andoffersmorechoicesforcustomers.Wecantakeabreakfromlifethroughtheinternet.Beingaddictedtotheonlinegamescanalsoruinone'seducationandlife.Theycarenothingbutgames,influcingtheirdevelopmentinbothmentalandphysicalhealth.•AgreatdealofjunkinformationspreadthroughtheInternet,whichdisturbourlifeterribly.课文内容讲解•PeoplewhospentmoretimeontheInternetspentlesstimesocializingwithfriends.TheInternetisawonderfulsourcefromwhichwecanretrievevaluableinformation.Moreover,itfacilitatesourcommunicationwithpeoplefarawayfromusatacostsubstantiallylessthanthatoftraditionalmeansofcommunication.Also,itcanbeanimportantbuildingblocktochildren’slearningbecauseavastamountofinformationisonlyclicksaway.Thereisevidencesuggestingthatcomputeruseislinkedtoslightlybetteracademicperformance.Culturalinformation1AudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformationProsandConsoftheInternetCulturalinformation2AudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformationHowever,thereissufficientevidenceindicatingthattheInternetcanexertaharmfulinfluenceonpeople.Forexample,itsaddictivepowerhasincreasedchildrenandyoungsters’timespentinfrontofthecomputerscreensattheexpenseofotherhealthierphysicalactivities,thusincreasingtheirchanceofgettingoverweightandshort-sighted.Inaddition,childrenhavelimitedabilityoftellingrightfromwrongandthereforearesubjecttothepotentialcontaminatinginfluenceoftheharmfulmaterialsontheInternet.20世纪60年代末，正处于冷战时期。当时美国军方为了自己的计算机网络在受到袭击时，即使部分网络被摧毁，其余部分仍能保持通信联系，便由美国国防部的高级研究计划局（ARPA）建设了一个军用网，叫做“阿帕网”（ARPAnet）。阿帕网于1969年正式启用，当时仅连接了4台计算机，供科学家们进行计算机联网实验用。这就是因特网的前身。1986年，美国国家科学基金组织（NSF）将分布在美国各地的5个为科研教育服务的超级计算机中心互联，并支持地区网络，形成NSFnet。1988年，NSFnet替代ARPAnet成为Internet的主干网。NSFnet主干网利用了在ARPAnet中已证明是非常成功的TCP/IP技术，准许各大学、政府或私人科研机构的网络加入。1989年，ARPAnet解散，Internet从军用转向民用。Internet的发展引起了商家的极大兴趣。1992年，美国IBM、MCI、MERIT三家公司联合组建了一个高级网络服务公司（ANS），建立了一个新的网络，叫做ANSnet，成为Internet的另一个主干网。它与NSFnet不同，NSFnet是由国家出资建立的，而ANSnet则是ANS公司所有，从而使Internet开始走向商业化。1995年4月30日，NSFnet正式宣布停止运作。而此时Internet的骨干网已经覆盖了全球91个国家，主机已超过400万台。在最近几年，因特网更以惊人的速度向前发展，很快就达到了今天的规模。1.Doyougoon-lineeveryday?WhatattractsyoutotheInternet?2.Forhowmanyhoursadaydoyouspendonline?3.Forhowmanyhoursadaydoyouthinkapersonhastostayon-linebeforeheorsheisreckonedtobeaInternetbuff?Isitgoodtobeone?Whyorwhynot?FragmentationofSocietyGlobalReading-Mainidea1StructuralanalysisRhetoricalfeaturesIftheInternetallowsforthefreeexchangeofideas,ithelpstounifyus.Thenhowdoesitalienateuswhileunitingus?Howdoesitfragmentsocietywhileglobalizingideas?Thisistheissuethattheauthortacklesinthetext.Thispieceofargumentativewritingfallsintothreeparts.PartI(Paragraphs1—2):Thewriterpresentshisthesisintheopeningpart:theInternetmayberesponsibleforfurtheringthefragmentationofsocietybyalienatingitsindividualusers.GlobalReading-Mainidea1StructuralanalysisRhetoricalfeaturesPartII(Paragraphs3—6):Theauthorsupportshispointwithevidenceandreasonsinthebodyofargumentation.PartIII(Paragraph7):Thewriterreiterateshismainideaintheconclusionofthetext.•Thethesisstatementofthetext•isinthesecondparagraph:“...theInternetmayberesponsibleforfurtheringthefragmentationofsocietybyalienatingitsindividualusers.”•Theconcludingstatement•appearsatthebeginningofthelastparagraph:“Allthisbeingsaid,IbelievethatthekeytorealizingthepotentialoftheInternetisinachievingbalanceinourlives.”Structuralanalysis1StructuralanalysisRhetoricalfeaturesTheseemingself-contradictionthattheInternetcanleadtoglobalizationontheonehandandcausethealienationoftheusersfromthepeoplearoundthemontheotherisreinforcedbytheuseofpairsofantonyms.Someexamples:globalization/alienation;real/notrealPractice:Pleasefindmoreexamplesofantonymsinthetext.Someexamples:globalization/alienation;real/notreal;reality/virtualexistence;outsideplayingwithhisfriends/playhisgamesagainsthisfriendsinthecyberspaceTheInternetprovidesanamazingforumforthefreeexchangeofideas.Giventherelativelyfewrestrictionsgoverningaccessandusage,itisthecommunicationsmodalequivalentofinternationalwaters.Itismypersonalbeliefthatthehumanpotentialcanonlyberealizedbytheglobalizationofideas.IdevelopedthispositionyearsbeforetheInternetcameintowidespreaduse.AndIamexcitedatthepotentialfortheInternettodramaticallyalterourglobalsocietyforthebetter.HoweverIamalsotroubledbythepossibleunintendednegativeconsequences.WillBakerALIENATIONANDTHEINTERNETDetailedreading1Detailedreading1Detailedreading2Therehasbeenmuchtalkaboutthe“newinformationage.”ButmuchlesswidelyreportedhasbeenthenotionthattheInternetmayberesponsibleforfurtheringthefragmentationofsocietybyalienatingitsindividualusers.Atfirstthismightsoundlikeanapparentcontradiction:howcansomething,thatisontheonehandresponsibleforglobalunificationbyenablingthefreeexchangeofideas,alienatetheparticipants?Ihadarecentdiscussionwithafriendofminewhohaswhathedescribedasa“problem”withtheInternet.WhenIquestionedfurtherhesaidthathew