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高考必考语法精讲精练语法专题十三：虚拟语气与情态动词情态动词和虚拟语气是高考重要考点，《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中列出了虚拟语气以及情态动词。2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第79题（短文改错）考查了情态动词must后面接动词原形。2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ没有考查情态动词与虚拟语气。2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ没有考查情态动词与虚拟语气。知识框架虚拟语气三大板块含有条件状语从句的复合句名词性从句宾语从句S.+wish（wouldrather）+宾语从句S.+suggest（demand…）+宾语从句主语从句Itis+adj./p.p/n.+that+S+(should)+do表语从句S.+isthat+s.+(should)+do同位语从句S.+that+s.+(should)+do定语从句Itishigh/abouttimethat+s.+shoulddosth.(didsth)两种形式1.时态后退型用一般过去表示现在用过去完成表示过去用过去将来表示将来2.should+动词原形型一.含有条件状语从句的复合句(以do为例;S=主语)例如:①IfIwereyou,Iwouldapplyforthejob.②IfIhadthemoney,Iwouldbuyit.③IfIweregivenanotherchance，Iwoulddoitbetter.④IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldhavemadegreatprogress.⑤Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedtheworksoeasily.⑥Ifitshouldraintomorrow,Iwouldstayathomeallday.⑦Ifyouweretocometomorrow,Icouldwaitforyouathome.注意：在书面语中，条件从句可以不用连词if，而将谓语中的were，had或should等移至主语之前构成倒装句。例如：①WereIyou,Iwouldapplyforthejob.②HadItakenyouradvice,Iwouldhavemadegreatprogress.③Shoulditraintomorrow,Iwouldstayathomeallday.二、错综时间的条件句虚拟条件句中的主句和从句涉及的动作发生的时间不一致，这时主句和从句的谓语形式应按照各自动作发生的实际时间来表达。例如：①Ifyouhadn'twatchedTVyesterday,youwouldn'tbesosleepynow.（从句yesterday说明过去，主句now说明现在）②Iftheyhadlefthomeearlythismorning,theywouldarriveinhalfanhour.（从句说明过去，主句说明将来。）③Ifyouhesitatedthismoment,youmightsufferinthefuture.（从句说明现在，主句说明将来）三、含蓄条件句非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句有三种情况：1．条件暗含在单词短语中：常见介词有with假如有,without假如没有,butfor要不是因为；连词有or/otherwise（前句用陈述语气，后句用虚拟）；but（前句为虚拟，后句陈述）例如：①Hewouldnotgetsucharesultwithoutyourhelp.(条件暗含在介词短语withoutyourhelp=ifyouhadn’thelpedhim中)时间条件状语从句主句现在If+S+did(were)S+would/should/could/might+do过去If+S+haddoneS+would/should/could/might+havedone将来did(were)If+SshoulddoweretodoS+would/should/could/might+do②Butforyou,Icouldnotberecoveredsosoon.(条件暗含在Butforyou=Ifyouhadn’thelpedme中)③Hemusthavebeenthere,orhenevercouldknowtheplacesowell.(暗含条件是连词or；后句为虚拟)④Iwouldhavebeentoyourplace,butIwasreallytoobusy.=Iwasreallytoobusy,or/otherwiseIwouldhavebeentoyourplace.⑤Shewasill,otherwiseshewouldhavebeenpresentatthemeeting.（条件通过连词otherwise/or表示出来Ifshehadnotbeenill...）2．条件可根据上下文推理出①Theycouldhavewon.(条件可能是iftheyhadbeenpatient)②Suchmistakescouldhavebeenavoided.（条件可能是ifyouhadbeenmorecareful）③Whydidn'tyoutellmeaboutitIshouldhavehelpedyou.（条件可能是ifyouhadtoldmeaboutit）④--Didyougotoseehimyesterday?--Iwouldhave,butsomeonecometovisitme.（条件是ifnoonehadcometovisitme）3．条件用其他形式来表示①Supposeyouwereinmyshoes,whatwouldyoudo?（用suppose/supposing/providing等词表示if）②Totalkwithher,youwouldknowshecouldnothearwell.（不定式有假设的意思，相当于Ifyoushouldtalkwithher...）③Lefttohimself,hecouldnothavefinishedthework.（动词的-ed形式表示条件Ifhehadbeenlefttohimself...）二.虚拟语气用在宾语从句中sb.did（were）…（表现在）1.wish+thatsb.haddone…（表过去）sb.would/coulddo…（表将来）例如：①IwishIknewhisaddress.②Iwishhehadn’tbeenrudetohisparents.③Hewisheswewouldgowithhim.2.wouldrather后的从句要用虚拟语气。例如：①I’dratheryoupostedtheletterrightaway.(现在)②I’dratherIhadn’tsaidsuchunkindthingstoyou.（过去）③I'dratheryoucameherefortheanswertomorrow.（将来）3.表示“坚持、建议、决定、要求、命令”（“坚决要命”）等主观意向的动词之后的宾语从时间从句对现在的虚拟were,did(一般过去时)对过去的虚拟haddone(过去完成时)对将来的虚拟were,did(一般过去时)句，谓语用should＋do，should可省略(注意：被动语态用should+be+done)。这类词有：insist，suggest，advise，recommend，propose，decide，determine，demand，request，require，desire，order，command等。例如：①TheexpertproposedthatTVshouldbeturnedoffatleastonehoureveryday.②Experimentsdemandthataccuratemeasurementsbemade.③Sheinsistedthatweshouldtakeupthematteratthemeeting.注意：1.suggest表示“暗示、表明”时，用陈述语气。2.insist表示“坚持说、坚持认为（某个事实）”时，用陈述语气。例如：①Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.②Heinsistedthathehadn’tstolenthemoney.三.虚拟语气用在主语从句中Itisdemanded/necessary/apity+that…等结构的主语从句，谓语动词用shoulddo，should可省略。(注意：被动语态用should+be+done)。It+be可用的词有三类thatS+(should)dosuggested，ordered，required，proposed，demanded,requested，insisted等（“坚决要命”）important,necessary,natural,strange等apity,ashame,nowonder等例如：①Itisrequiredthatthestudentsshouldnotusemobilephonesintheirschool.②It’snecessarythatcollegestudentsshouldmasteratleastoneforeignlanguage.四．虚拟语气用在同位语从句中。表示“坚持、建议、决定、要求、命令”（“坚决要命”）等主观意向的名词后同位语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为should＋do，should可以省略(注意：被动语态用should+be+done)。这类名词常见的有：advice，suggestion，proposal，order，demand，desire，request，requirement，recommendation等。例如：①Hegaveordersthatthework(should)bestartedatonce.②Weareallforyourproposalthatthediscussion(should)beputoff．五．虚拟语气用在表语从句中。表示“坚持、建议、决定、要求、命令”（“坚决要命”）等主观意向的的名词作主语时，表语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为should＋do，should可省略(注意：被动语态用should+be+done)这类名词主要有：advice,suggestion,order,proposal,demand,desire,request,requirement,recommendation等。例如：①Mysuggestionisthatthemayor(should)presenttheprizes.②Hisplanisthatheshouldpasstheexamfirst.六．虚拟语气用在定语从句中Itis（about/high）time＋thatsb.didsth/shoulddosth.（注意：本句型中should不可省略）例如：①It'sabouttimethatwewenthome.②It’shightimethatweshouldgohome.注：在It/This/That+be+thefirsttime／secondtimethat．．．句型中，从句中谓语动词用完成时态。例如：①ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedHongkong.②Thatwasthethirdtimethathehadmadethesamemistake.七.虚拟语气用在让步、方式、目的、不用if的条件状语从句中1．在带有evenif/eventhough引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。例如：①Evenifhehadbeenill,hewouldhavegonetohisoffice.②Iwouldn’tbuyiteventhoughIhadmone