英语代词语法

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代词英语中代词:代词,即代替名词、动词、形容词、数量词、副词的词。可分为:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词等。1.人称代词•表示我你他我们你们他们的词叫人称代词.人称代词并不全指人,也指物,分为主格和宾格两种形式。•有三种人称,每个人称又分为单数和复数(第二人称单数和复数同形).1)主格作主语,宾格作宾语。如,SheisournewEnglishteacher.(she在做主语)Ioftenhelphimwithhismath.(him在做宾语)注意:口语中,人称代词宾格常用作表语。如:-whoisthere?-It’sme.2)人称代词的顺序单数:you+he(histeacehr,etc.)+she(hermum,etc.)+I如:You,heandIareinthesameclassroom.复数:we+you+they(thepolicemen,etc.)如:We,youandtheyareallChinese.3)glasses,sunglasses,boots等复数形式的词,如果不和量词一起使用时,动词要用复数形式,对应的代词为they或them;如:Mytrousersareoverthereandtheyaredirty.当和apairof一起连用时,动词要单数,但代词通常还是用they或them。如:Ifyoufindapairofscissorsinthedrawer,passthemtome.4)as和than之后的人称代词:当人称代词用于as、than之后,在正式语体中,做主语则用主格,作宾语则用宾格。如:Shespeaksaswellasme.(宾格)Heworksashardasyoudo.(主格)但在非正式语体中,或带有all,both时,通常用宾格。如:Heistallerthanusall.(宾格)5)it的用法a.表示无生命的、已经提到的事物。如:-whosecoatisthis?-Itismine.b.性别不详的幼儿或者小动物。如:Whatabeautifulbaby!Isitaboy?c.指“那个人”。如:-whoisitatthedoor?-Itisthepostman.d.无人称主语或宾语,尤指天气、时间或距离。如:It’sraining.It’stwentymilesfromheretoShanghai.练习(1):选词填空1.Mumand_________(I,me)wentshoppingyesterday.正确答案:I2.-Whoisatthedoor?-itis_______(I,me)正确答案:me3.Let___________(we,us)cleantheclassroomafterschool.正确答案:us2.物主代词表示事物所属关系的的代词,物主代词有形容词性和名词性两种.1)形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词--形容词性物主代词修饰名词,放在名词前,不可单独使用。如:Thisisherbook.Yourschoolisnorveryfar.Isn’sit?--名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,在句子中作名词的作用,可以单独使用。如:Ours(=ourcountry)isagreatcountry.Ihaven’ttakenmyumbrella.MayIshareyours(=yourumbrella)?-whoseruleristhis?-it’shers(herruler).2)物主代词用于固定搭配的词组Ofone’sownonone’sownWithone’sownHoldone’sownMakeone’swayInone’swayToone’ssurprise/amazement练习(2)选词填空:1.Yourbedroomisbiggerthan______________.(my,mine)正确答案:mine2.On__________waytotheoffice,________________sawtheaccident.(he,his,him)正确答案:his,he3.____________ideasoundsgood,but________seemsevenbetter.(you,your,yours,she,her,hers)正确答案:Your,hers3.反身代词表示反射(指一个动作反射到该动做执行者本身)。它是由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词和第三人称代词宾格,后面加词尾self或者selves构成.常见的有:1)用法a.反身代词作同位语。如:TheteacherhimselfwillvisitTom’sparents.b.反身代词作介词宾语。如:Theydotheworkbythemselves.2)反身代词表示独立完成某事,亲自做某事,为自己做了某事。如:Calloneself..Makeoneself..Cookoneself..Buyoneself..HeusuallycallshimselfOldJim.Shemadeherselfacupofcoffee.3)反身代词用于固定搭配。如:ForoneselfByoneselfTooneselfTeachoneselfThebabycanwalkbyhimeselfnow.Iwantabedroomtomyself.Ihurtmyself.问题:如何理解,Hesaidtohimself:”Imuststopit”答案:他对自己说:“我要阻止它”4.指示代词•指示说明近处或者远处、上文或者下文、以前或者现在的人或事物。如:Youlookinthisboxhere,andIwilllookinthatboxoverthere.Isawhimethismorning.Hewasverybusythosedays.5.疑问代词疑问代词用来构成特殊疑问句。疑问代词意义Which哪一个Who谁(主格)Whom谁(宾格)Whose谁的what什么(颜色,种类,尺寸等)例子:1)Whichdoyouprefer,anappleorapear?2)whoistheladyoverthere?3)-whosebookisthis?-oh,itismine.4)Whatkindofhouseworkdoyouusuallydo?5)What’syournewteacherlike?6)Whatshapeisthemirror?练习(3)根据句子意思选用who,whose,what或which填空。1.-__________glovesarethese?-TheyareLinda’s.正确答案:whose2._______wenttoseethefilmwithyou?正确答案:who3.Couldyoutellme_________busgoestotheShanghaiZoo?正确答案:which6.不定代词1)常见的不定代词a.One,some,any,all,each,another,other,many,much,few,little,both,neither,either,etc,b.合成不定代词如:Ihavegotsomethinginmyeye.Haveyouanythingtosay?Everythingisallrightwithhim.注意:1.除了none外,合成不定代词通常不可接of结构。2.合成不定代词后通常可加else,如somethingelse(另外的东西),anyoneelse(其他人)等代词的所有格形式为somethingelse’s,anyoneelse’s3.修饰合成不定代词的定语(形容词等)要放在他们后面。如:Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Hasanythinginteresinghappened?2)不定代词用于固定搭配的词组One:oneanotehr;onebyoneOther:ontheothersideofgototheotherway/directionSome:someday;forsometimeBoth:onbothsideAll:allthetime;allkindsof;allnewmany/much:somany/much这么多的many/muchoftoomany/muchagood/greatmanyLittle:littlebylittle;inalittlewhileFew:amanoffewwords;haveafewwordswithsb.3)不定代词分组辨析a.many,much与some,anymany和much都表示“许多,很多”。Many后跟可数名词,much后跟不可数名词。如:TherearemanypeopleonNanjingRoadeveryday.Toomuchsugarwilldoyouharm.Some和any都表示“一些”,他们既可以跟可数名词也可以跟不可数名词。Some用于肯定句,any用于否定句和疑问句中。如:Therearesomeeggsinthebasketball.Thereissomeinkinthebottle.Hehasn’tanytimeleft.Doyouhaveanyquestion?注意:many/much在口语中常被alotof/lotsof替代,特别是在表示肯定意义的句子里。如:Hehasvisitedalotof/lotsofplacesintheworld.Some有时也用于疑问句中,通常表示邀请,请求。如:Wouldyoulikesometea?willyoubuymesomecakes?当any用在肯定句时,表示“任何一个,无论哪个”。如:Theyareallfree-takeanyyoulike.练习(4):根据意思选用much,many,some或any填空。1.HasPeterhave_________brothersandsisters?正确答案:any2.How_________homeworkhaveyoudone?正确答案:much3.Willyougiveme__________paper?正确答案:someb.both,all与each,every如:Allof/allhisplansfailed.Bothof/bothhisplansfailed.Eachofhisplansfailed.Theyeachwanttodosomethingdifferent.Theyenjoyedeveryminuteoftheparty.词义做代词作形容词Both(2个)都BothofmyparentsBothsidesofAll(3个或3个以上的)都AllofthestudentsAlltheapplesEach(2个或2个以上的)每一个EachofmyfeetEachfootevery(3个或3个以上的)每一个Every不能用作代词Everyword注意:Every通常只能用作形容词。如:everyday,everystudent,而不能用做代词Each既可以代词也可以形容词。如:Igaveapieceofcaketoeachchild/eachofthechildren.each还可以做副词。如:Gavethemtwoeach.All,both,each在句中的位置:在be动词后面,其他动词前。如:wereallinterestedinpopmusic.theywereeachgivenanewbook.dadandmumwerebothaway.练习(5)根据句子的意思选用both,all,each,every填空。1.Thechildren_________tookbananas.正确答案:all2.Thechildren________tookabanana.正确答案:each3.___________ofherparentsareteac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