中考英语被动语态和现在完成时态 经典课件

英语动词有两种语态：主动语态(ActiveVoice)被动语态(PassiveVoice)主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。Weplantedthetree.Thetreewasplantedbyus.一、定义be+及物动词的过去分词有人称，数和时态的变化二、构成1.一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词2.一般过去时：was/were+过去分词3.一般将来时：will+be+过去分词4.现在进行时：am/is/are+being+过去分词5.过去进行时：was/were+being+过去分词6.现在完成时：have/has+been+过去分词7.过去完成时：had+been+过去分词8.过去将来时：would+be+过去分词9.含有情态动词：情态动词+be+过去分词歌诀：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面三、各种时态的被动语态四、用法1）不知道动作的执行者是谁2）没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁Eg.Thehousewasbuiltin1950.这座房子是1950年建的。Eg.Manytreesmustbeplantedeveryyear.每年必须种许多树。3）需要强调或突出动作的承受者（即宾语）Eg.Calculatorcan'tbeusedinthemathexam.计算器不能用于数学考试。4）动作的发出者不是人Eg.Manyhouseswerewashedawayintheflood.许多房子在洪水中被冲走了。五、主动语态变被动语态1.主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语。2.谓语动词变为相应的被动形式即be+过去分词，（注意其人称和数随主语做出变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。）3.主动句的主语变为被动句中by的宾语（宾格），如不需要则可省略。4.其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。Theymakethebikesinthefactory.Thebikesinthefactory.aremadethembyWespeakEnglish.byus.主语谓语宾语主语谓语宾语主动语态被动语态Englishisspoken1.Peopleplayfootballallovertheworld.2.TheoldmanonTVtellsastoryonSunday.3.Studentslistentothekindteachercarefully.Footballisplayedallovertheworldbypeople.AstoryistoldbytheoldmanonTVonSunday.Thekindteacherislistenedtobystudentscarefully.把下列的主动句变为被动句。六、被动语态的特殊情况1.在主动语态中,使役动词make,let,have等及感官动词see,watch,hear,notice,feel等,其后跟省to的动词不定式(即动词原形),在变为被动语态时,必须加上不定式符号to。1)Thebossmadehimwork14hoursaday.Hewasmadetowork14hoursaday.2)Iseehimwalktoschool.Heisseentowalktoschool.2.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可以把指“人”的间接宾语变为主语，也可把指“物”的直接宾语变为主语，但直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前需加上to或for.Hegavemeabookyesterday.(=hegaveabooktomeyesterday.)Iwasgivenabookbyhimyesterday.Abookwasgiventomebyhimyesterday.3.许多由不及物动词加介词、副词构成的动词短语相当于及物动词，变被动语态时，介词、副词不能丢掉。Weshouldtakecareofthechildren.Thechildrenshouldbetakencareof.(of不可省)4.下列动词(短语)没有被动语态：happen,takeplace,belongto,cost,take….eg.Anaccidenthappenedyesterday.5.物作主语时，want/need/require/beworth+doing相当于want/need/require/beworth+tobedone•Mybikeneedsrepairing.=Mybikeneedstoberepaired.我的自行车需要修理。1)表事物自然属性的动词（read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,lock,open,cook,shut,dry,eat,drink…）和副词(well/badly/easily/fast/smoothly)连用且主语为物时，常用主动语态表被动意义•Thepenwritesveryfast.这支笔写得很流畅。•Thisbooksellswell.这本书畅销。6.主动表被动Thiskindofclothwasheseasily．这种布很容易洗。2)连系动词look,seem,feel,sound,smell,taste,get,turn,become等用主动表被动。•PekingOperasoundsbeautiful.1.English_____inmanycountries,butChinese_____theirownlanguages.A.isspoken,speakB.speaks,isspokenC.isspoken,speakenD.isspoken,isspoken2.Abigcinema______inourtownnextyear.A.willbuildB.isbuiltC.willbebuiltD.hasbuilt3.Thisbook_____byafamouswritermanyyearsago.A.writesB.iswrittenC.waswritenD.waswritten1.--It’sdifficultforthevillagechildrentocrosstheriverforschool.--Ithinkabridge_________overtheriver.A.wasbuiltB.isbeingbuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.shouldbebuilt2．Heismade______for12hourseveryday.A．workBworkingC．toworkD.worked3.Thegirlwasoftenheard____happilyinherroom.A.singB.tosingC.singingD.sings4.Theapple___verysweet.A.istastedB.tasteC.tastesD.aretasting5.Whatyousaid___likeagoodidea.A.isheardB.islistenedC.soundD.sounded6.-WhatdoyouthinkoftheTVplay?-Wonderful.Itisworth___asecondtime.A.watchingB.watchedC.seenD.seeing7.Howdirtythetablesare!Theyneed___.A.tocleanB.cleanC.cleaningD.cleaned8.Greatchanges___inthepasttenyearsinChina.A.weretakenplaceB.havetakenplaceC.werehappenedD.havehappened9.Astory_____byGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus五、下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来。1)Ihavealotofhomeworktobedonetonight．2)Isyourhistoryteacherlistenedcarefullyinclass？3)LeiFeng'snamerememberedbyallChinesepeople．4)Themusicissoundedbeautiful.5)BywhowasthisneweducationalCD-ROMdesigned?dotoissoundswhom1.树要在春天种;2.树坑要挖得够大,但不要太深;3.把树放进坑里,扶直;4.把泥推回坑里,用脚踩实;5.在旁边插一根坚实的长棍子,并且保证棍子插直了;6.用绳子（rope）把棍子和树绑起来7.浇好水.根据提示写一篇以HowtoPlantaTree?为题目的短文，要求内容齐全，上下文连贯。尽量使用被动语态，80词左右。1.树要在春天种;2.树坑要挖得够大,但不要太深;3.把树放进坑里,扶直;4.把泥推回坑里,用脚踩实;5.在旁边插一根坚实的长棍子,并且保证棍子插直了;6.用绳子（rope）把棍子和树绑起来7.浇好水.beplantedbedugbigenoughtoodeepput…into…bekeptstraightpush…backto…push…hardwith…knock…into…bekeptstraightbetiedto…with…bewateredwellTreesmustbeplantedinSpring.Theholemustbeduglargeenoughbutnottoodeep.Putthetreeintotheholeanditmustbekeptstraight.Pushtheearthbacktotheholeanditmustbepushedhardwithyourfeet.Knockalongandstrongstickintotheearthbesidethetreeanditmustbekeptstraight.Treescanbetiedtothestickwitharope.Andtheymustbewateredwell.现在完成时1．现在完成时的构成：助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词注：has用于第三人称单数，have用于其他所有人称。2．现在完成时的用法：（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just，already,before,yet,never,ever等状语连用。例如：①Ihaveneverheardofthatbefore.②Haveyoueverriddenahorse?③Shehasalreadyfinishedthework.④Haveyoumilkedthecowyet?Yes,Ihavedonethatalready.⑤I’vejustlostmysciencebook.有时没有时间状语；多是一般疑问句。（2）现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括现在在内）的一段时间的状语连用。如：for和since，以及sofar,now,today,thisweek(month,year)等。①Ihaven’tseenherthesedays.②ShehaslearntEnglishfor3years.③Theyhavelivedheresince1990.④WhathashappenedtotheUSAinthelast350years?注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如come,go,die,marry,buy等的完成时不能与for,since等表示一段时间的短语连用。（3）现在完成时还可以用在时间和条件状语从句中,表示将来某时完成的动作，例如：I’llgotoyourhomewhenIhavefinishedmyhomework.Ifithasstoppedsnowinginthemorning,we’llgotothepark.（4）havebeen(to)和