独立主格结构及精选习题

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1独立主格结构(一)定义:不定式或分词短语作状语时,它的逻辑主语一般必须与句子的主语一致。但有时它也可以有自己的独立的逻辑主语,这种结构称为独立主格结构。(二)构成:1.名词(代词)+不定式、现在分词或过去分词Weatherpermitting,we'llgosightseeing.=Ifweatherpermits,...作条件状语天气允许的话,我们要去观光。Homeworkfinished,theboywentouttoplayfootball.=Whenhomeworkwasfinished,...作时间状语作业做完了,男孩出去玩足球。Theexamtobeheldtomorrow,Ican'tgotothecinematonight.明天要考试,我今晚不能去看电影。2.名词(代词)+(being)+表语(名词、形容词、副词或介词短语)It(being)Sunday,wewentclimbing.=AsitwasSunday,...作原因状语由于是星期天,我们去爬山。Todlookedatthemillion-poundnote,hiseyes(being)wideopen.托德眼睛睁得大大的看着百万钞票。Summervacations(being)over,studentsreturnedtoschool.2暑假结束了,学生们返回学校。3.with+名词(代词)+宾补,宾补可用现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式、形容词、副词或介词短语。此句型又称with复合结构。a.Theypretendedtobeworkinghardallnightwiththeirlightsburning.他们点着灯假装整晚都在努力工作。b.Shehadtowalkhomewithhebikestolen.因为自行车被偷了,她不得不走着回家。c.Ican'tgoouttoplaywithsomuchhomeworktodo.这么多作业要做,我不能出去玩。d.Shefellasleepwiththewindowsopen.她开着窗户睡着了。e.Thestudentslefttheclassroomwiththelighton.开着灯学生们离开了教室。f.Theteachercameintotheroom,withabookinhishand.=bookinhand老师手里拿着书走进了房间。(三)独立主格结构的特点:1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。2)名词或代词与后面的现在分词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词等是逻辑主谓关系;名词或代词与后面的过去分词是逻辑动宾关系。3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与句子分开;修饰整个句子,在句中位3置灵活,可放在句首、句中或句末,常用作状语。(四)独立主格结构精选习题:1.Fordtrieddividingthelabor,eachworker_________aseparatetask.A.assigningB.assignedC.wasassignedD.wouldbeassigned2.Thelecture_________,helefthisseatsoquietlythatnoonecomplainedthathisleavingdisturbedthespeakerA.beganB.beginningC.havingbegunD.beingbeginning3.Withallfactors_________,wethinkthisprogrammayexcelalltheothersinachievingthegoalA.beingconsideredB.consideringC.consideredD.areconsidered4.Walterofferedusaliftwhenhewasleavingtheoffice,butourwork_________,wedeclinedtheoffer.A.notbeingfinishedB.nothavingfinishedC.hadnotbeenfinishedD.wasnotfinished5.Therearevariouskindsofmetals,each_________itsownpropertiesA.hasB.hadC.tohaveD.having6.________nobus,wehadtowalkhome.A.TherebeingB.BeingC.HavingbeenD.Therewas7._______nobus,wehadtowalkhome.A.AstherebeingB.AstherewasC.BeingD.Therewas8.______,thetextbecameeasierforustolearn.A.ExplainingnewwordsB.Newwordsexplained4C.BeingexplainednewwordsD.Havingexplainednewwords9.____,thetextbecameeasierforustolearn.A.WhennewwordswereexplainedB.ExplainingnewwordsC.NewwordsexplainingD.Beingexplainednewwords10.___________,thepatientcanleavethehospital.A.BetterconditionsB.ConditionsarebetterC.ConditionsbetterD.Beingbetterconditions11._____,youcanwaitawhile.A.TheplaybeingstillonB.TheplaystillonC.BeingstillontheplayD.AandB12._____,soyoucanwaitawhileA.TheplayisstillonB.TheplaybeingstillonC.AstheplayisstillonD.Theplaystillon13._____,Ihadtoaskfortwodays’leave.A.MotherbeingillB.MotherillC.AsmotherwasillD.alltheabove14.Fathercamehome,_________A.adogfollowinghimB.followedbyadogC.followingadogD.alltheabove15.Thesoldierfellasleep________.5A.withthecandleburningB.burningthecandleC.whenheburningthecandleD.whenburningthecandle16.Themeeting____over,wealllefttheroom.(上海1987)A.isB.tobeC.beingD.wouldbe17.Thefish____bad,thechildrenleftmuchofit_____.A.tasted,untouchedB.tasting,untouchedC.tasting,untouchingD.tasted,untouching18.Theoldmanstoodunderabigtree,______.A.apipeinmouthB.withapipeinmouthC.pipeinmouthD.pipeinhismouth19.Theproduction______steadily,thefactoryneedsanever-increasingsupplyofrawmaterial.A.hasgoneupB.isgoingupC.havinggoneupD.beinggoneup20.Themurdererwasbroughtin,_________.A.withhishandstiedB.withhishandstyingC.withhishandsbeingtiedD.hishandshadbeentied参考答案:1---5BBCAD6---10ABBAC11---15DADDA16---20CBACA

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