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Unit2SpaceInvadersKEYTOEXERCISESTextcomprehensionI.Decidewhichofthefollowingbeststatestheauthor'spurposeofwriting.CII.Judge,accordingtothetext,whetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.1.T(RefertoParagraph1.Atthebank,oneofthecustomersinchedforwardandcausedothercustomerstoadvancesopublicorderisbeingdisrupted.)2.T(RefertothelastsentenceofParagraph4.Caffeinecangenerallyhelpinspirethespiritofahuman,andover-consumptionofcaffeinecanmakehimrestless.)3.T(RefertothefirsttwosentencesofParagraph5:Personalspaceismostlyapublicmatter;weallowallkindsofinvasionsofpersonalspaceinprivate.[Humanitywouldn'texistwithoutthem.])4.T(RefertoParagraph6.Thelasttwosentencesconveytheauthor'sopiniononpersonalspace:anindividual'spersonalspaceshouldberespected,whichshowsaperson'smannersonsocialoccasions.)5.F(RefertoParagraph8.Personalspaceispsychological.Thismeanswhenpeopleareabsorbedintheirinnerworld,theywillpaylittleattentiontotheworldoutside,includingtheirpersonalspace.Bythistheauthorintendstoexplainwhypeoplecarelessabouttheirpersonalspacethaneverandwhytheirpersonalspaceisshrinking.Undoubtedly,whentheinvasionofone'sspaceinthephysicalworldisperceived,hewillcertainlyfeelthathispersonalspaceisshrinking.)III.Answerthefollowingquestions.1.RefertoParagraph1.Becausehewantstoshowtheimportanceofpersonalspaceinmaintainingpublicorder.Ifone'spersonalspaceisinvaded,hemay,inpreservinghisownspace,breakintoothers'personalspace.Thechainactioncancausechaosinpublicorder.2.RefertoParagraph2.InParagraph2,theauthordefinespersonalspaceasone'sindividualspherewiththeselfatthecenterandacertaindistanceoneachside.Itispartofone'sprivacy,theinvasionofwhichnecessarilymakesoneuneasy.3.Thistendencyreferstothephenomenonexemplifiedinthepreviousparagraph,thatis,theescalationoftheinvasionofpersonalspace.ThewriterusedtothinkthiswascausedbythepopulationexplosionviaMalthusianlogic.Nowhestartstosuspectthattheseasonisthecause:insummerdresssomepeoplearemoreattractive.Inaddition,hesuggests,inseriousnessorjest,thestimulatingeffectofcaffeinecontributestotheescalationoftheinvasionofpersonalspacetoo.4.InParagraph5,thewritermainlydescribesoneimportantcharacteristicofpersonalspace:personalspaceisarelativeconcept;peopleindifferentregionshavedifferentconceptsofpersonalspace.Thesizeofpersonalspacevariesaccordingtowhereonelives.Whereonehasaspread,hewillhaveamorespaciousconceptofpersonalspacethanthosewhodonothavealargeplaceoftheirown.5.RefertoParagraph8.Becausepeoplearemoreself-absorbedthanbefore.Inotherwordstheyarepayinglessattentiontotheoutsideworld,includingpersonalspace,thanbefore.Thefactthatpeoplecarelessabouttheirpersonalspaceineffectencouragesspaceinvasion.IV.Explaininyourownwordsthefollowingsentences.1.Thephrasepersonalspacehasanoddtouchthatwascharacteristicofthe1970s.2.Inhotsummerdayspeoplecanbedrawntoeachother,especiallytotheoppositesex(orfeeldisgustedwiththeclosenessofothers).3.Peopleindifferentregionshavedifferentsizesofpersonalspace.4.Itisquitecommonthatonepersonoccupiesaboothandasetoffacingseatsdesignedforfourpeople.5.Theauthorhopesthathisownstandagainsttheshrinkingofpersonalspace,whilesmallinitself,willnonethelesseventuallyhaveadramaticeffectinthesamewayasthebreezefromabutterfly'swingsinJapan,ifitinitiatesachainofwaves,mayeventuallyproduceatidalwaveinCalifornia.StructuralanalysisofthetextTheauthorlooksatthecausesofspaceinvasioninParagraph4.Hefirstattributesthisphenomenontothepopulationexplosion,then,light-heartedly,tothehotweatherandthestimulationofcaffeine.Butthetruecausestrikeshimaslikelytobethedeclineofmanners(Paragraph6).HeexaminesthenatureofspaceinvasioninParagraphs5?.Hethinksthatspaceinvasionisapublicmatter.Itismorepsychologicalthanphysical.Rhetoricalfeaturesofthetext1.Verbsandverbalphrasesthatdescribethebehaviourofspaceinvaders:inchtoward/wedgethemselvesin/zigzagthrough/jostle/refusetogiveway/pressforward/bumpinto/stakeaclaimto/annex/commandeer2.Verbsandverbalphrasesthatdescribethereactionofthosewhosespaceisbeinginvaded:minutelyadvancetoward/sidleupto/shuffletowardVocabularyexercisesI.Explaintheunderlinedpartineachsentenceinyourownwords.1.drooping;loosened;slackened2.tone;sound3.alreadyover-stimulated/restlesslocalpeople/residents4.unfriendliness;cold-shouldering5.membershipofagroupororganizationII.Fillintheblank(s)ineachsentencewithaphrasefromtheboxinitsappropriateform.1.sidledup2.carveout3.attribute...to4.stakeaclaim5.treadon6.plowedinto7.isproportionalto8.breathingdowntheirnecksIII.Fillintheblankswithappropriateformsofthegivenwords.1.annoying2.intuition3.relented4.proliferates5.lamentably6.expansive7.routine8.shrinkageIV.Choosethewordorphrasethatcanreplacetheunderlinedpartineachsentencewithoutchangingitsoriginalmeaning.1.D2.A3.B4.D5.C6.B7.A8.BV.Giveasynonymoranantonymofthewordunderlinedineachsentenceinthesenseitisused.1.Antonym:significantly(considerably,incautiously)2.Synonym:shrinking(receding,lessening)3.Antonym:private(personal,individual)4.Synonym:give(present,confer)5.Antonym:tightened(tense,rigid)6.Synonym:recently(currently)7.Synonym:old-fashioned(odd,ant