2010届高三英语二轮总复习语法填空专题训练课件:介词

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介词介词是高考中的一个重要考点,在连续两年的高考中都有两空是专门考查介词的,除此以外,介词还频繁出现在完型填空和短文改错。涉及面较广,考察了学生的词汇量和对介词的正确使用考点解密介词(preposition)一介词的分类与语法功能1.介词是虚词,不能单独做句子成分,必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语、或从句)构成介词短语,在句子中充当一个成分。介词分为:简单介词:at、in、on、for、to合成介词:within、inside、onto、throughout.短语介词:accordingto、outof、becauseof、bymeansof、inspiteof、insteadof双重介词:frombehind/above/under,untilafter分词介词:considering,including,judgingfrom/by1.Itisgoingtorainthisafternoonaccordingtotheweatherforecast.2.Hequarrelledwithheryesterday.3.Hesucceededinpassingthefinalexamination.4.I’mstillthinkingofhowIcanfulfillthetaskaheadoftime.5.TheprofessorwillgiveusatalkonhowtostudyEnglishwell.总结1:介词后常接名词、代词、动名词、从句、不定式组成介词短语。总结2:介词短语在句子中可作表语、定语、状语和宾补。Thismachineisingoodcondition.Whereisthekeytomybike?Nothingintheworldcouldlivewithoutairorwater.Shealwaysthinksherselfaboveothers二.介词搭配1.动词+介词robsbofsth(clear/inform/cheat/remind/accuse/cure.etc)supplyuswithsth=supplysthto/forsb(provide/fill)makesthof/from/into介词+the+人体部位(strike/catch/hit/preventsbfromdoingpersuadesbinto/outofdoingsth(advise/warn/reason)buysthforsb(leave/get/win/gain/lose)tellsthtosb(show/teach/sing/write/read)givesthtosb(allow/promise/pass/hand)saytosb(suggest/explain/apologize/murmur/whisper)同一介词与不同动词(to/for/at…同一动词与不同介词的搭配(look/agree/hear/call/stand…2.形容词+介词afraid/angry/anxious/tired/strict/goodpopular/pleased/known/familiar1.I’mafraid_____beinglateforschoolbecausemyheadteacherisverystrict_____us.2.Einsteinwasknown______histheoryofrelativity_____afamousphysicsscientist______theworld.3.Heisangry_____whathise-palhassaidforheistired_____beinglaughedatbyothers.4.Theboyisfamiliar______thefictionbecauseitisverypopular______teenagerssofar.3.名词+介词1.Theabsence/lackofwateristhemostseriousproblem.2.Thegirlhasagoodway_____studyingEnglish.3.Thekey_____successliesindiligenceandwisdom.三重点介词的用法归纳与辨析1.表示世纪、年、月、季、周用in/during,inthe1990s,inMay,inspring,inthefirstweekofJune2.在某一天或某天上、下午、晚上、前夕用on3.在某一时刻、或某一点时间用at.4.till,until,to的用法。1)till/until与延续动词连用,用于肯定句,与短暂动词连用用在否定句(在句首、强调句不用till).2)to表终结常与from连用from…to…fromtimetotimefromhandtohandfromdoortodoorfromhousetohousefromone+名词+toanother表“依次”名词+by+同一名词onebyone…5.in,after,laterin+一段时间.常用一般将来时。after+一段时间.常用一般过去时。after+点时间.用各种时态。一段时间+later过去时6.地点介词:at,on,in,to,offacross,throughover,underbelow,aboveto(静态),towards(动态),along7.表示方式、手段、工具的介词by/through(表泛指的方式、手段)by(交通工具类)by/with/in(方式、手段)1.Theboylikeswriting_____apenandespeciallylikeswriting_____blueandblackink.2.Hegotfullmark_____hisowneffort,heoftencontactswithhisepals_____email.8.On与about区别简单区分:about通俗大众;on学术【专业】性强on与about二者都是介词,意为“关于,论及”等,一般情况下,二者可以互相替换,但二者有点区别:about常用于简单的或浅显的论述等,是一般用语,多用于讲故事,谈话;思考等;on多用于系统论述或专题讲演、论著等,具有学术性,如:TheteachertoldusastoryaboutLeiFeng.It'sverymoving.HewillgiveusatalkonthehistoryoftheParty.他将给我们做个关于党史的报告。注意:learnabout,readabout,quarrelabout,hearabout,storyabout等短语一般涉及知识的深度,所以不能用on代替about。We'regoingtolistentoalectureAfricanhistorythisafternoonHewrotetheschool.Itisabookbirds.那是一本论及鸟类的书。(可能是一本学术著作)Itisabookbirds.那是一本关于鸟类的书。(可能是一本供小孩看的故事书)9.表“除…之外”的介词besides,but=except,exceptfor,exceptthat…注意:1)前面有不定代词、疑问代词时,多用butAllbutonearehere.NobodybutIlikesliterature.2)后接不定式短语为排除对象时,多用butHehasnothingtodobutwait.3)固定短语havenochoicebuttodosth(只得做某事)cannotbutdosth=cannothelpbutdosth(不得不)butfor/butthat…(要不是)10.between/among(三者以上)1)Maryissitting_____TomandwangLi.2)Shewasbusy_____cooking,washing,sewingandlookingafterthebaby.3)Shanghaiis_____thelargestcitiesintheworld.4)Ahorsecanbeseen_____treesnow.1.Hedidn’tcometothemeeting______hisillness.2.Thereason______hisbeingangryisthathelosthiscellphone.3.______aheavysnow,thehighwayhasbeenclosedup.4.Theaccidentis______thedriver’sdrinking.10表原因的介词:for,becauseof,dueto,owingto,onaccountof,asaresultof11.不定式复合结构中的for,of1)Itisclever______youtoanswersuchadifficultanswer.2)Itismean______hertogivemesolittlepocketmoney.3)Itisquiteimpossible_____himtoexplainwhy.4)Itishard______youtolearnaforeignlanguagewithoutperseverance.12.兼类词(兼作连词和副词)aftersincetill/untilbefore.介词(preposition)一介词的分类与语法功能1.介词是虚词,不能单独做句子成分,必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语、或从句)构成介词短语,在句子中充当一个成分。介词分为:简单介词:at、in、on、for、to合成介词:within、inside、onto、throughout.短语介词:accordingto、outof、becauseof、bymeansof、inspiteof、insteadof双重介词:frombehind/above/under,untilafter分词介词:considering,including,judgingfrom/by1.Itisgoingtorainthisafternoonaccordingtotheweatherforecast.2.Hequarrelledwithheryesterday.3.Hesucceededinpassingthefinalexamination.4.I’mstillthinkingofhowIcanfulfillthetaskaheadoftime.5.TheprofessorwillgiveusatalkonhowtostudyEnglishwell.1.什么情况下可能是填介词?我们首先必须知道两点:(1)介词必须要接宾语,其宾语可以是名词、代词、动名词,或者what从句;(2)名词、代词或动名词在句中通常作主语、动词的宾语、介词的宾语。因此,我们在解答语法填空时,若空格后是名词、代词或动名词时,且他们不是在句中作主语,也不是在动词后作宾语时,这个格空就很可能是填介词。解题技巧2.应该填哪个介词?在判断可能填介词之后,要根据具体的语境来确定填哪个介词,特别是根据空格所在句子的意思来选择一个恰当的介词。另外,以下几条思路对解题非常有用:(1)由介词短语与谓语的逻辑关系来确定。2008年广东高考36题,“感到累了”应当是“干活一整天之后”,故填after。(2)由所处句型的特殊需要来确定。如2008年广东高考31题,这是一个therebe句型,该句型一般是表示“在某个地点存在某人或某物”;可见“_______theseproverbs”应当是表示地点的;不难得知“有趣故事”应当是在“这些成语的背后”,故填behind。(3)由特殊的结构关系来确定。如能接复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的介词只能是with或without。(4)考虑介词(空格)与前面的动词或名词之间的搭配关系,或者介词(空格)与后面名词之间的搭配关系来确定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