短文改错复习指导一短文改错的话题选择二短文改错的设题切入口三短文改错的题型设计四解题指导与建议1.短文改错的选材通常取自学生的作品,或类似学生的作品。2009年短文改错题,依然是一篇学生习作,设计的考点也与往年相同。2.内容来自学生身边的常见话题。3.篇章结构的难易程度符合学生的实际水平。4.语言明白易懂。5.基本上不涉及生僻的语言现象和繁难的语句结构。6.试题并不是单纯检测语法知识,而是检测考生写作能力中的校验能力。一.试题的话题选择二.短文改错的设题切入口近五年高考短文改错题题型稳定、考查点多、覆盖面广。一般以四种题型出现:对、错、多、少。从错误比例上看,一般为多词1处,少词1处,正确1处,错误6~7处。设问的角度有三个:词法、句法和行文逻辑。从这三个角度考查学生在语篇中综合运用英语的准确性。2009年高考短文改错分析多词少词全国卷I全国卷II浙江卷陕西卷各1各1各1词法名词/代词代词的选择(1)名词的数(1名词的数(1)名词的数1形容词级别(1)形容词做定语1副词副词误用(1)副词误用(1)副词级别1介词搭配(1)误用1动词时态(1)语态,(1)。搭配(1)时态(1)语态(1)搭配(1)时态(1)语态(1)形式)搭配(1)冠词冠词误用(1)冠词误用(1)冠词误用(1)冠词误用(1)非谓语动词非谓语动词2句法主谓一致Therebe句型变体(1)单复数(1)单复数(1)惯用法固定句型(1)语篇逻辑连词的使用(1)连词的使用(1)连词的使用(1)连词的使用(1)1缺词是指由于漏掉某个词而使句子成份或固定搭配残缺不全。多表现为缺少冠词,连词,介词,物主代词,助动词和不定式符号to,被动语态的be等。ThefactoryatthecomerofFriendshipStreetandZhongshanRoadhasbeenmovedoutofthecity,andsportscenterhasbeenbuiltinitsplace2009全国卷1分析:sports前加a。sportscenter是可数名词单数,表示不确定。Somefriendsofhisgotoseehimeveryday,theytakehimlotsofgoodbooksandfreshfruit.2009陕西卷分析:∧theytakehim-and.前后文是并列关系,用并列连词and。Itwasalessontousthatitwaspossible∧givewithoutexpectinganythinginreturn.2009浙江卷分析:考查固定句型。此处用Itis/waspossibletodosth.句型2.多词多词现象主要表现为词义重复,冗言。做题时不仅应注意分析句子结构,词义内涵,还应重视语篇整体构成。某些句子,独立分析似无懈可击,但根据行文逻辑进行分析,则错误迭现。ThemarketatthecornerofFriendshipStreetandXinhuaRoadhasbeengivenwaytoasupermarket.全国卷1分析:去掉been。短语givewayto“让路”,用主动语态。I’msorrythatIwasn’tabletoreturntoyourbikeontimeyesterday.2009全国卷2分析:去掉to,return归还,是及物动词,这里to多余Istoodthereandcouldn’tbelieveinthatacompletestrangerwassothoughtful.2009浙江卷分析:去掉believe后的in,这里不是信任而是相信的意思3.错词此类错误涉及面较广,较为常见的是搭配错误和语法错误。考生平时写作中易范的错误常常是命题的焦点。A.介词错误B.名词单复数误用C.代词误用D.时态错误E.非谓语动词错误F.主谓不一致错误G.词性误用H.连词误用I.冠词误用A.介词错误1.I’manewcomerhereofasmalltown.(NMET2004分析:of改为from。from“来自于……”2.I’msuretheywilllaughtomeandseemeasafool.(NMET2004)分析:to改为at。Laughat是固定搭配。Afterfiveyearsawayinmyhometown,IfindthatTheneighborhoodwhichIusedtolivieinhaschangedalot.2009全国卷1分析:in→from。句意是我离开家乡五年,awayfrom属于固定搭配。B.名词单复数误用Istayedhereforoneandahalfhour.2009全国卷2分析:.hour改为hoursOnerainydaywhileIwaswalkinghomewithoneofmyfriend,atrunkcametostopbesideus.2009浙江卷分析:考查名词数。oneof后受oneof影响必须用名词复数形式,应改为friends.C.代词误Thismanmightneedtheumbrellahimself,buthepreferredtogiveittoeveryoneelse.2009浙江卷【解析】everyone---someone/somebody。考查不定代词用法。everyoneelse错误说法,每个人,就不可能再有别人;别人应表示为someone/somebodyelse。I’mgladtoknowthatyouhaveaninterestinChineseFood.HereI’dliketotellyousomethingaboutthem2009重庆卷分析:them----it依语境知。D.时态错I’msorrythatIwasn’tabletoreturnyourbikeontimeyesterday.Imeantogiveitbacktoyoubeforefourintheafternoon,butwasholduponmywayback.2009全国卷2分析:mean改为meant,hold改为held;文章是描述过去发生的事情。I’mgladtoknowthatyouhadaninterestinChinesefood.2009重庆卷Food.分析:had---have描述现在的事情E.非谓语动词错SoIhelpedthemgoingtothenearesthospital.2009全国卷2分析:going改为go考查非谓语动词的复合结构:helpsb(to)dosthMyclassmate,Joseph,isatpresentinhospitalwithabreakingleg.2009陕西卷.【解析】breaking-broken非谓语动词做定语,与所修饰词是被动关系,用过去分词F.主谓不一致错误Istayedhereforoneahalfhoursandmadesurethatthegirlwereallhopeyouunderstand.2009全国卷2分析:.were改为was主语是第三人称sheAlittlebitsweet,differfromSichuanfoodthatisratherHot2009四川卷.分析:differ----.differsThefactoryatthecomerofFriendshipStreetandZhongshanRoadhasbeenmovedoutofthecity,andasportscenterhasbeenbuiltintheirplace2009全国卷1分析:their→its。前文中提到了名词Thefactory是单数,因此把their改为its。代词应与指代对象一致。。G.词性误用(常发生在动词与名词、名词与形容词,形容词与副词之间)Hehasacomfortable.room,patientlynurses,andagreatdealoftimetoread.2009陕西卷分析;patiently-patient.soIgratefulacceptedtheoffer2009浙江卷分析:gratefull---gratefully考查副词用法。副词修饰动词accept.H.连词误分析:∧theytakehim-and.前后文是并列关系,用并列连词and。Somefriendsofhisgotoseehimeveryday,theytakehimLostofgoodbooksandfreshfruit.2009陕西卷Imeanttogiveitbacktoyoubeforefourintheafternoon,andIwasholduponmywayback.全国卷2分析:and改为but前后文是转折关系,用转折连词butI.冠词误EverykindoftheChinesefoodisworthtrying。2009重庆卷分析:去掉the【解析】考查冠词用法。由umbrella的发音可知,元音前应使用冠词anThedriverputthewindowdownandofferedusaunbrella2009浙江卷J逻辑失误Alittlegirlwashurtandhermotherneededhelp.SoIhelpedthemgotothenearesthospital.Istayedhereforoneandahalfhours2009全国卷2分析:.here改为there;短文改错纠错口诀短文改错得分易,正确格式记心里:一看一致二词类,三多四少五搭配,六句七语八非谓,九看逻辑对不对,校验无误就全对。解题指导要提高短文改错的解题能力,不仅需要平时有计划地按照语言知识的难易程度、语言使用规律,由浅入深、由简到繁地进行训练,而且还应掌握一定的解题技巧,以减少盲目性。一、通读全文,掌握大意二、整句理解,逐行推敲三、先易后难,各个击破EXERCISES:2009全国卷1Afterfiveyearsawayinmyhometown,Ifindthat76._________TheneighborhoodwhichIusedtolivinginhaschanged77.______alot.TheSichuanRestaurantandtheolderfishshop78._______acrossthestreetfromourmiddleschoolweregone.79.________Thereexistnowaparkthathasasmallriverrunning80._________through.ThefactoryatthecomerofFriendshipStreetand81._______ZhongshanRoadhasbeenmovedoutofthecity,andsports82.______centerhasbeenbuiltintheirplace.Themarketatthecornerof83.______FriendshipStreetandXinhuaRoadhasbeengivenwayto84._________asupermarket.Besidesthebookstorenexttoourmiddle85.__________schoolisstillthere.【解析】76.in→from。句意是我离开家乡五年,awayfrom属于固定搭配。77.living→live。usedto后跟动词原形,表示“过去常常做某事请”。78.older→old。句中没有比较的意思。79.were→are。根据上文可知饭店和鱼店消失都陈述的是现在的情况。80.exist→exists。主语apark是单数第三人称。81.正确82.sports前加a。sportscenter是可数名词单数,表示不确定。83.their→its。前文中提到了名词Thefactory是单数,因此把their改为its。84.去掉been