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Unit4CloningandEthicsCloningisnotnew.Experimentswithfrogsandtoads（蟾蜍）datebacktothe1970s.Andexperimentsinvolvingplantsandanimalembryoshavebeenperformedforyears.Butexperimentsinvolvinghumanbeingshaveneverbeentriedorthoughtpossible,untilDolly.Herbirthshockedthescientificcommunityandhasspurreddiscussionaboutthepossibilityofhumanclones.Dr.LeeSilver,amolecularbiologistatPrincetonUniversity,isoptimisticthathumancloningwilloccur,andthatitmighttakefiveyears,tenyearsattheoutermost.Leenotesthatatthistime,noethicaldoctorwoulddohumancloning.Althoughthisviewispredominant（占主导地位的）amongmanyscientists,somearguethatasafetechnologycouldbedevelopedinthefuture.Thishasledtodiscussionaboutwhetherhumancloningshouldevenbelegallypossible.HistoryofCloningHowahumanmightbeclonedusingtheDollymethodNotNow,Dr.Miraclemiraclen.anunusualandmysteriouseventthatcannotbeexplainedbythelawsofnatureExample：TheGreatWallisamiracleofarchitecture.work/doamiracle创造奇迹amiracleof...的奇迹Dr.MiracleSeverinoAntinoristringn.(a)narrowcordusedtotie,fasten,etc.Example：Redpaperswerethreadedonstringsandhungoverthedoorofthehouse.(b)aseriesofrelatedorsimilareventsExample：Thecuriousboyaskedastringofquestion.astringof一系列underthesunonearth;intheworldExample：Theboyseemstohaveanopiniononeverysubjectunderthesun.Youcannotdetectallthesinsunderthesun.stirn.(public)excitementExample：Thecomingofthequeencausedagreatstirinthecity.roundon/upontocriticizefiercelyandattackwithaggressivewordsExample：Thecitizensinthecountryroundontheirpresent.lineupto(causeto)moveintoarow,sidebysideoronebehindtheotherExample：Thephotographerlinedupthefamilymembersforapicture.Peoplewerelininguptheretogetafreesampleofthenewproduct.famen.theconditionofbeingwell-knownandtalkedabout;renownExample：J.k.Roling’snovelwasahitandhisfamesoonspreadallovertheworld.shoottofame声名鹊起controversyn.fierceargumentordisagreementaboutsomething,esp.onethatiscarriedoninpublicoveralongperiodExample：Thefirstclonedsheepgaverisetomuchcontroversy.representv.toactorspeakofficiallyfor(anotherpersonorgroupofpeople)toequalto,meanExample：ThestarsintheflagoftheUnitedStatesrepresentthe50states.Womenwerepoorlyrepresentedinthenewgovernment.irrationaladj.not(doneby)usingreason;againstreasonablebehaviorExample：TheIrrationalreactiontothelossofthefootballgamecausedseriousconsequenses.circumstancen.in/underthecircumstances在......情况下，既然这样in/undernocircumstances决不，无论如何都不Example：InnormalcircumstancesIwouldhaveresignedimmediately.deformv.toforcesomethingoutofitsnormalshapeorappearanceExample：Iftheshoesaretootight,theywilldeformyoufeet.Sittingincorrectlyforlongperiodsoftimecandeformyourspine(脊柱).excessiveadj.toomuch;toogreat;goingbeyondwhatisreasonableorrightExample：Excessivedrinkingmaycausedemagetotheliverandthebrain.keep…atbaytokeepsomeoneorsomethingsomedistanceawayExample：Nobodycankeepthetimeflyingatbay.immortalityn.livingforeverExample：man’sbeliefinimmortality人类对永生的信念implantn.toputsomethingintoalivingbodyinamedicaloperationExample：Itcanhelpalotforthepatientswithheartdiseasetoimplantapacemaker(起搏器).illegaladj.againstthelawExample：It’sillegalforteenagerstodrinkinpubs.illegal–il~=legal合法的prohibitv.toforbid,toissuealawagainstsomethingExample：Smokingissticktlyprohibitedinpublicbuildings.beprohibitedfromdoingsth.禁止做某事•Example：gofortolikeorbeattractedbyExample：Theyoungtendtogoforadventureswhiletheoldprefersecurity.gofornothing=tobewaste=havenoresultgoinfor=takepartin,enterembracev.toholdinone'sarmsasasignofloveoraffectiontoaccept(anidea)Example：NowadaysmoreandmoreWesternersembraceoriental(东方的)culture.Theyoungmantrystoembraceeveryopportunitytomakeanameforhimself.soleadj.beingtheonlyone;onlyExample：Heisthesoleownerofthebasketballclub.Thesolesurvivoroftheaccidentwasfoundinthewatersixhourslater,breathingbutunconscious.riskn.dager;possibilitythatsomethingharmfulorundesirablemayhappenExample：Thefiremenfacevariouskindsofrisksintheirdailywork.risksth/doingsth冒险做某事takearisk冒险atrisk在危险中atone’sownrisk自担风险地，自负全责地riskone’sneck冒生命危险，拼着性命•Example：instinctn.(a)naturalabilityortendencytoactinacertainway,withouthavingtolearnorthinkaboutitExample：Birdslearntoflybyinstinct.Cryingisaninstinctinhumans.byinstinct凭本能oninstinct凭直觉Ifyoufascinatewithbioscience，pleaseclick：://~jones/tmp352/projects98/group1/how.html