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什么叫名词性从句？•在句子中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句(NounClauses）•名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等•因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句名词性从句nounclause主语从句subjectclause宾语从句objectclause表语从句predicativeclause同位语从句appositiveclause名词性从句学习有三关•第一关：语序关•第二关：引导词关•第三关：时态关语序：陈述句语序连接词、连接代词、连接副词宾语从句中要注意关键词：1、主从要一致（主现可灵活，主过从过）2、客观真理、自然现象，从句用一般现在时。主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句动宾介宾that不能省可省禁用不能省不能省whetherif句首whetherwhetherornot只能whether只能whether只能whether代词what-物,who/whom-人副词when-时间,where-地点,why-原因,how-方式注意：所有句子均为陈述语序引导名词性从句的关联词名词性从句作何成分1.What_he_did_mademeextremelyangry.2.Whether_we_will_go_picnicking_tomorrowdependsontheweather.(不用if)3.Mysuggestionisthatweshouldturnthelandintoricefields．4.Hesaidthathegotuplateandthathewaslatefor_class．主语表语主语宾语5.Shehasmadeitclearthatshewillgetmarriednextmonth．6.Oursuccessdependsonwhethereveryoneworkshard.(不用if)7.Letmeknowwhether_or_not_you_can_come．(不用if)宾语宾语宾语8.Thefactthat_he_tells_lies_all_the_timemakesussurprised.9.Theadvicethat_she_wait_till_next_weekisreasonable.(不用which)同位语同位语归纳小结：名词性从句，顾名思义，其用法相当于一个名词的用法，在句中可作主语、表语、同位语、宾语，分别叫做主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句。一、主语从句(一)从句引导词：that，whether，who，whom，whose，what，which，when，where，why，how等。.Thatpeoplecutdowntoomanytreesdestroyedthebalanceofnature..Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown..Whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.注意：放在名词性从句句首，表示“是否”，只能用whether，不能用if。(二)位置.ThatheknowsJapaneseisknowntoall..Whatsurprisedmewastoseehimhere..Whenhewillcomeisunknown..Whetherheiscomingdoesn’tmattermuch..Itremainsasecrethowtheyclimbedupthemountain.一、主语从句•引导词：•由that引导的主语从句：•Thathespendstoomuchtimeplayingcomputergamesworriesme.•强调•为避免头重脚轻,我们长用it做形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句子最后。Itworriesmethathespendstoomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.归纳小结：主语从句的位置1.在句首；2.主语较长时通常放在后面，句首主语用It。1.It＋be＋形容词＋that从句(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that2.It＋be＋名词词组(duty/pity...)＋that从句(nowonder,anhonour,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise,etc.)3.It＋be＋过去分词(said/thought...)＋that从句(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that从句。造句：很可能他把一切都告诉她了很遗憾我们不能去。据说格林先生已经到了北京。Itispossiblethathetoldhereverything.Itisapitythatwecouldnotgothere.ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.•4.It＋不及物动词(seem/happen...)＋that从句•Itseems/appearsthattheboyisnotgoingtochangehismindatall.似乎•Ithappened(tome)thatIhaveagoodideatomakehimchangehismind.碰巧•5．It+doesn’tmatter(makesnodifference,etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。•whetherhewilllistentomeornotdoesn’tmatter.Whereweshallmeettheboymakesnodifference.•练习：•Thathehasmadesuchamistakeisapity.•Thathecan’tdowellinhisexamiscertain.•Thattheboyfailedhisexamisnosurprise.•Thatplayingcomputergamescanmadepeoplefeelsuccessfulisreported.•Whetherheisgoingtogiveitupdependsonhimself.Itisapitythathehasmadesuchamistake.Itdependsonhimselfwhetherheisgoingtogiveitup.Itiscertainthathecan’tdowellinhisexam.Itisnosurprisethattheboyfailedhisexam.Itisreportedthatplayingcomputergamescanmakepeoplefeelsuccessful.引导词：由wh-how引导的主语从句：•1.whatvsthat•Whatyoulackisself-confidence.•Thatmoreandmorestudentsareadmittedintouniversitiesistrue.•练习：用what或that填空•hetoldusthismorningwasjustalie.•Itworriesmymom_________sheisbeginningtogetalittlefat.What：做句子成分，有具体意义。Whatthatthat:不做句子成分，没有实在意义。当它引导的主语从句放在句首时，that不能省略；如果用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，that可以省略。•练习：用whether或if填空•Itdoesn’tmatter______hewillcomeornot.•_____we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.•Itwasdoubtful_____TomreallysawLily.whetherWhetherif/whether•whoever=nomatterwho=anyonewho•Whomever=nomatterwho=anyonewho•Whichever=nomatterwhich=anyonewhich•Whatever=nomatterwhat=anythingthat•Eg:Whateveryousaywillhavenoeffectontheboy.•Whichevermethodcanpersuadethesonintogivingupcomputergamesisnotclear.如果主语从句置于句首，不能用if引导，此时，需用whether。但如果用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导。注意：•（1）主语从句的语气•Itisnecessary/natural/important/strange…+•that-clause句型中，that从句中的谓语通常用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气。•Itisnecessarythattheproblemshouldbesolvedatonce.•Itisstrangethatalotofchildrenshouldlikeplayingcomputergames..（2）It作形式主语VS强调句•主语从句常用it•Itis+{名词/形容词/过去分词}+主语从句•Itisstillaquestionwhethershewillcomeornot.•Itisstrangethatyoushouldlikehim.•Itisstillunknownwhichteamwillwinthematch.•It+be+被强调部分+who/that+从句•原句：Maryboughtthispenintheshopyesterday.••强调宾语••ItwasMarywhoboughtthispenintheshopyesterday.Itwasthepenthatwasboughtbymeintheshopyesterday.Itwasintheshopthatthepenwasboughtyesterday.二、宾语从句•宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。•Weallknow(that)theEarthisround.•YaoMingwilltalktousaboutwhathesawintheUSA.•关键词：•1、主从要一致（主现可灵活，主过从过）•2、客观真理、自然现象，从句用一般现在时。1.当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略LinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.Shesays(that)shewon’ttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday.Jimthought(that)thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty.Hesaid(that)hewouldliketoseetheheadmaster.宾语从句之引导词在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句I’msorry(that)Idon’tknow.We’resure(that)ourteamwillwin.I’mafraid(that)hewon’tpasstheexam.2.当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），因为if/whether翻译成：“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略Lilywantedtoknow