书面表达常见错误

书面表达常见错误讲练规范书写•书写是一个人的基本功，是其综合素质的体现。高考书面表达评分标准规定，评分时要注意“拼写及标点符号的准确性”，“如书写较差，以致影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。”1.移行的规则移行应遵循单词的音节。音节的划分一般为“一归后，二分手，字母组合手拉手”。“一归后”：指两个元音字母之间有一个辅音字母时，在移行划分音节时，这个辅音字母归后，如：student→stu-dent,definite→de-fi-nite。“二分手”：指两个元音字母之间有两个辅音字母时，在移行划分音节时要分属前后。如：supper→sup-per,middle→mid-dle,compound→com-pound。“字母组合手拉手”：指凡是固定字母组合的发音移行时不可分开，如：picture,national中的ure,tion不能拆开。以下细节问题更要注意：（1）一个字母构成的音节，不能在它的前后拆开移行，如ahead,idea不能拆成a-head,i-dea。（2）单音节词不论其长短都不能拆开移行，如：text,horse,straight。（3）带有前缀或后缀的词移行时，应在前缀与词根相接处拆开移行，如：careful→care-ful,boyhood→boy-hood。（4）复合词移行时，应在连字符处或构成的两部分之间拆开。如：bookstore→book-store,headmaster→head-master。（5）有些动词的简略式不可拆开移行，如：aren’t,don’t,haven’t,shouldn’t等。（6）词尾-ed，-es等中的e不发音第1页共1页时，就不算一个音节，不能拆开移行，如：walked,stayed,goes。2.规范三写单词或字母的大小写、拼写和书写达到规范化。（1）考生要把字母写得易于辨认，尤其是a,o；u,r,v；e,t,c；h,l等在手写体中易于混淆的字母，一定要写清楚。（2）应特别注意英语文章标题中的大小写的写法，一般来说实词、拼写较长的介词的首字母要大写，简单做法可以有只大写标题的首单词的首字母，其余均小写；另外有些学生会将小写s占格为大写，这也是要杜绝的。（3）干净整洁的卷面可以打动阅卷老师的心，有可能获得意外的高分。书面表达常见错误讲练英语语法要求意义一致。所谓意义一致，不仅知主谓在人称或数上一致，还应取决于主语所表达的实际意义。违反了这一原则，就会产生不一致的错误。[误]Ifshehavemuchmoney,shecanbuymanythingsthatshewant.[正]Ifshehasmuchmoney,shecanbuymanythingsthatshewants.1.关系不一致[巩固练习]1)Thesecretaryandmanagerwerepresentatthemeetingyesterday.2)JoanwithotherthreegirlshavebeentoBeijing.3)Inspiteofitssmallsize,thesecamerascantakeverygoodpictures.4)Heclosedthedoorandhurriesawaytoclass.5)Helivedinthecountrysidefortwoyears,andhislifetherewasalwaysrememberedbyhim.6)IfIwereyour,Iwon’tdothat.7)WehavebeentoEuropemanytime.washastheirhurriedhealwaysrememberedhislifethere.wouldn’ttimes2.词性混淆•[误]Whenpeoplehavedifficult,weshouldhelpthem.•[正]Whenpeoplehavedifficulty,weshouldhelpthem.•[析]词汇对于写作相当重要，词汇量越大越便于写作。但是，很多学生平时在记单词时，光记拼写、读音和词义，忽视词性，这是不对的。因为英语句子的各个成分都是由一定词性的词来充当的。[巩固练习]1)Heagainstyourplan.2)Sheoftenbybustoschool.3)Aweekpastbeforehisletterarrived.4)Shealwaysdoesherhomeworkcareful.5)CanyoutellAsiaelephantsfromAfricanelephants?6)Fortunate,peoplearebeginningtorealizehowseriousthepollutionis.7)Mybrotherdownintothecoldwater.Sheoftengoestoschoolbybuspassedjumpeddown3.用词累赘[误]Ifyoulendme50dollars,I’llrepaybackyounextweek.[正]Ifyoulendme50dollars,I’llrepayyounextweek.[析]“累赘”现象普遍存在于学生习作中，要避免这一现象的发生，必须加强语言基本功训练，学习中要勤思多练，同时熟记一些易于出现“累赘”现象的单词和语句。[巩固练习]1)Theteacherrepeatedthatsentenceagain.2)LessonNineismoreeasierthanLessonTen.3)Herfutureplanisthatsheisgoingtostudyabroad.4)LiPinghurriestogotoschooleveryday.5)Ihavereturnedyouthebookyoulentittomelastweek.6)Theoldmanlivesalonebyhimself.7)Hewokeatsixa.m.inthemorning.8)WeiHuaisfrightenedwithfearbythestrangesoundcomingfromthenextroom.9)IreceivedaletterfromJiminlastweek.10)Theboxistooheavyfortheweakgirltocarryit.4.无连接词错误•[误]Youpracticemorereading,yourreadingabilitywillbeimproved.•[正]Ifyoupracticereadingmore,yourreadingabilitywillbeimproved.•[析]英语句子的特点之一是重“形合”，句子的各个部分要由各种连词、关系词等连接起来；而汉语句子是重“意合”，句子前后连接主要是通过上下文的逻辑意义来实现的，连接词的使用远远少于英语，由于这一特点，很多学生在写作时往往忘了使用连接词，造成诸多病句。[巩固练习]1)Apersonhasnotenoughfood,hewillnothaveahealthybody.2)Iamtired,Imustgoonworking.3)Chinaisstilladevelopingcountry,mostpeoplecannotaffordacaryet.4)Youuseyourhead,youwillfindaway.5)Theteacherspokeslowly,thestudentsmightunderstandher.IfThoughBecauseIfyouuseyourhead,you’llfindaway./Useyourhead,andyou’llfindaway.Theteacherspokeslowlyinorderthat/sothatthestudentsmightunderstandher.6)Iarrivedatthestation,thetrainhadleft.7)Weallwenthomeafterthepicnic,ithadstartedtorain.8)Wewerelookingforyournewcoat,wecouldnotfindit.9)Thesunwarmstheearth,thismakesitpossiblefortheplantsgrow.10)Hisbedroomseemedemptytherewereonlytwochairs,asmalldeskandabed.6.Iarrivedatthestationafterthetrainhadleft./WhenIarrivedatthestation,thetrain…7.Weallwenthomeafterthepicnicbecauseithadstartedtorain.butThesunwarmstheearth,whichmakesitpossibleforplantstogrow./Thesunwarmstheearthandthismakesitpossibleforplantstogrow.and5.非完整句错误•[误]ThewomantalkedtoyoujustnowisourEnglishteacher.•[正]ThewomanwhotalkedtoyoujustnowisourEnglishteacher.•[析]一个句子至少包括主语和谓语两部分（祈使句除外），如果将句子的某一部分当作一个完整的句子，就会导致非完整句错误。写作中，很多学生会犯此错误，应特别引起注意。[巩固练习]1)Chinaisnolongerwhatusedtobe.2)Althoughistenyearsold,thislittleboyplaysthepianoverywell.3)ThepictureisaboutapoorlittleboylivedinoldChina.4)Thepersoncametoseemethatafternoonisanoldfriendofmine.5)Ican’timaginewhatlifewouldbelikeifhaven’tanyTVsets.6)Withoutafriendwillfeellonely.Chinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.Althoughheistenyearsold,thislittleboyplaysthepianoverywell.ThepictureisaboutapoorlittleboywholivedinoldChina.Thepersonwhocametoseemethatafternoonisanoldfriendofmine.Ican’timaginewhatlifewouldbelikeifwehadn’tanyTVsets.Onewillfeellonelywithoutafriend.6.选词或搭配不当[误]Peterisawarm-heartedperson,soeverybodylikestohavefriendswithhim.[正]Peterisawarm-heartedperson,soeverybodyliestomakefriendswithhim.[析]在理解英语词汇时，不能仅停留在了解其字面意义上，而应掌握内在涵义。同时要熟悉它们的习惯搭配。平时学习词汇时，要仔细思考，勤查词典，尤其要多记英语解释，弄清它们的确切意思和用法，以免造成类似错误。[巩固练习]1)Itonlyspendsus15minutestogototheparkfromthecenterofthecitybybus.2)Ihopeyoutobecomealawyer.3)MrWangforgothiswalletintheclassroomyesterday.4)Shewillrememberfirmlywhatherteachersaidanddid.5)Canyouborrowmeyourdictionary?6)Imustkeepyour