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学习必备欢迎下载独立主格结构和with/without复合结构1.概念:独立主格结构不是一个独立的句子，有逗号，在句中充当状语、可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随情况等。2.结构:名词/代词+非谓语（doing&todo&done形容词&副词介词短语Takingyourageintoconsideration,you’dbetternotgohiking.Youragetakenintoconsideration,you’dbetternotgohiking.(Ⅰ)名词/代词+分词(过去分词done&现在分词doing当分词作状语时,其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,分词应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词的独立结构。一般位于句首,也可放在句尾;作伴随状语时,常放在句首。1.________________,theyleftthemeeting–room.（问题解决了）（settle）2.____________,we`llgothereonfoot.(时间允许的话)(permit)3.Hewaslyingonthegrass,__________________________(他的手交叉在手下)(cross)(Ⅱ)名词/代词+(being)形容词1._________________,hehadtostayhometolookafterher.(他妈妈生病了)2.Heenteredthehouse,___________________（red）(他的鼻子冻得通红)(Ⅲ)名词／代词＋（being)副词Heputonhissocks，_____________.（反的一面在外面）(out(Ⅳ)名词／代词＋不定式1.Isendyou100dollarstoday,therest__inayear.(2005湖南)A.followsB.followedC.tofollowD.beingfollowed2.__________________________(最后一个人的到来)，ourpartywillstart.（arrive）（Ⅴ）名词／代词＋介词短语在这一结构中，如果逻辑主语与介词短语中的名词都是单数名词，这些名词前习惯不用冠词。1.Ourteachercameintotheclassroom,____________.(手上一本书)2._______________,thesoldierrushedtothetopofthemountain.(肩上一面旗帜）(Ⅵ)有些独立主格结构中没有分词，仅在名词或代词之后直接跟作表语或状语的词或词组，省去的分词一般是being或havingbeen，这是为了简练。但在“being+过去分词”或“therebeing＋过去分词”结构中，being不可省。1.___________________,hewenttoschool.(早餐结束后)（over）2.____________________________,shewentbacktoherroom.(没有闹钟的原因)3._________________________,wecan‘tgothere.(房间正在被油漆)二．With和without复合结构with和without复合结构是:with/without＋名词／代词＋分词／不定式／形容词／副词／介词短语。在句子中可以作状语或定语。（Ⅰ）with/without＋名词／代词＋现在分词。用现在分词表示主动、正在进行或发生的动作。(Ⅱ)with/without名词／代词+过去分词。用过去分词表示被动或已完成的动作。(Ⅲ)with/without＋名词／代词＋不定式。用不定式表示将要发生的动作。(Ⅳ)with/without＋名词／代词＋形容词。1.Shesleepswiththewindow____________.2.Icouldn`tfinishmyworkwiththosechildren__.A.playingaroundB.playsaroundC.playedaroundD.toplayaround学习必备欢迎下载(1)OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,____parentswereseatedtogetherjoking.A.theirB.whoseC.whichD.that(2)OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,and_________parentswereseatedtogetherjoking.A.theirB.whoseC.whichD.that(3)OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_________parentssittingtogetherjoking.A.theirB.whoseC.whichD.that(4)OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_________parentssattogetherjoking.A.theirB.whoseC.whichD.that(5)OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_________parentsweresittingtogetherjoking.A.theirB.whoseC.whichD.thatIntheread-room,wefoundherseatedatadesk,withherattention__onabook.A.fixingB.fixesC.fixedD.tofixWithalotofdifficultproblems__,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled三．with和without复合结构与独立主格结构的转化（Ⅰ）with和without复合结构与独立主格结构在句中作状语时，一般可相互转换；此外还可变为状语从句或并列句。（１）作时间状语Withwintercomingon,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.=Wintercomingon,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.=Whenwintercomeson,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.（２）作原因状语Withthekeylost,shecouldnotentertheroom.=Thekeylost,shecouldnotentertheroom.=As/Becausethekeyhadbeenlost,shecouldnotentertheroom.(3)作条件状语Withtimepermitting,we`llvisittheSummerPalace.=Timepermitting,we`llvisittheSummerPalace.=Iftimepermits,we`llvisittheSummerPalace.(4)作伴随状语Herearethefirstthreevolumeswiththefourthonetocomeoutnextmonth.=Herearethefirstthreevolumes,thefourthonetocomeoutnextmonth.=Herearethefirstthreevolumesandthefourthoneiscomingoutnextmonth.(Ⅱ)with和without复合结构可以作后置定语修饰名词，而独立主格结构则不可作后置定语修饰名词。Soonshearrivedataparkwithgrassgreenandflowersinblossom.=Soonshearrivedataparkwhosegrasswasgreenandwhoseflowerswereinblossom.巩固练习1.__tenminutes__beforethelasttrainleft,wearrivedatthestation.A.Therewere;togoB.With;togoC.Iwas;leftD.Ithad;left2.Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe__.A.20dollarsremainedB.20dollarstoremain学习必备欢迎下载C.remained20dollarsD.remaining20dollars3.__thelightsoff,wecouldnotgoonwiththework.A.UntilB.AsC.WithD.Because4.Itwasapitythatthegreatwriterdied__hisworkunfinished.A.forB.withC.fromD.of5.Theweather__sobad,wehadtoputoffthefootballmatch.A.wasB.isC.wereD.being6.__,therunnersracedontothefinishingline.A.StickinhandB.WithastickinhishandC.SticksinhandD.Sticksinhands7.Theboylayontheground,hiseyes__andhishands__.A.beingclosed;tremblingB.closed;tremblingC.closed;trembledD.closing;trembled8.__,theworkcanbedonemuchbetter.A.GivenmoretimeB.WehadbeengivenmoretimeC.MoretimegivenD.Ifmoretimehadgiven9.Weather__,thesportsmeetwillbeheldasscheduled.A.permitsB.willpermitC.topermitD.permitting10.__arainyday,hedidn`tgooutforawalkasusual.A.ItwasB.ItisC.ItbeingD.Havingbeen•一、分析句子结构1.________manytimes,buthestillcouldn'tunderstandit.2.___manytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandit.•A.HavingbeentoldB.ToldC.HewastoldD.Thoughhetold3.________totheleft,you'llfindthepostoffice.4.Ifyou________totheleft,you'llfindthepostoffice.5.________totheleft,andyou'llfindthepostoffice.•A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnD.Turned•二、分析逻辑主语确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致。若不一致，则须加上自己的逻辑主语。1.________nobuses,wehavetowalkhome.•A.TherebeingB.ItwereC.TherewereD.Itbeing2.______SundayIshallhaveaquietdayathome.•三、分析语态分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。1._____