中国生物质能发电发展现状和技术需求

ChinaEnergyConservationInvestmentCorporationChinaEnergyConservationInvestmentCorporationCECICCECIC中国生物质能发电产业中国生物质能发电产业发展现状和技术需求发展现状和技术需求DevelopmentandTechnologyofDevelopmentandTechnologyofChinaBiomassElectricityGenerationIndustryChinaBiomassElectricityGenerationIndustryZENGWuZENGWu中国的生物质能储量丰富，年中国的生物质能储量丰富，年可获得量达到可获得量达到3.143.14亿吨标煤，亿吨标煤，其中秸秆和薪材分别占其中秸秆和薪材分别占54%54%和和36%36%。。CategoryReservesAvailabilityAvailabilityequivalentto10000tceProportion(%)Industrialorganicwastewaterandslag2.594billiont10.75billionm3(industrialmethane)9203Animalandpoultryresidues1.47billiont13billionm3(agriculturalbiogas)9303Strawsandagriculturalresidue720milliont360milliont1700054Firewoodandforestrywaste200milliont200milliont1140036MSW149milliont60milliont8003Energyplants56milliont(sweetsorghum)3.5milliont(ethanol)3001Total31350100DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENTAnAnnualbiomassresourcenualbiomassresourceavailabilityof314millionavailabilityof314milliontcetce,54%,54%ofstrawresourcesand36%ofofstrawresourcesand36%offirewoodfirewoodDatasource:TheDatasource:The““NationalAgriculturalBiogasProgramNationalAgriculturalBiogasProgram””reportcomponentofChinaNationalActionPlanofIndustrializereportcomponentofChinaNationalActionPlanofIndustrializedMethaneDevelopment,2004dMethaneDevelopment,200420062006年前，中国生物质发电总装年前，中国生物质发电总装机容量约为机容量约为20002000MWMW，，其中：其中：„„蔗渣发电约占蔗渣发电约占17001700MWMW以上；以上；„„垃圾发电约垃圾发电约200200万万MWMW；；„„其余为稻壳等农林废弃物气化其余为稻壳等农林废弃物气化发电和沼气发电等。发电和沼气发电等。生物质，特别以农林废弃物为原生物质，特别以农林废弃物为原料规模化并网发电项目几乎是空料规模化并网发电项目几乎是空白。白。DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT2000MWbiomassinstallations2000MWbiomassinstallationsintotalasof2006,including:intotalasof2006,including:„„1700MWsugarcane1700MWsugarcanebagassebagasse„„2millionMWMSWgeneration2millionMWMSWgeneration„„GasificationandbiogasGasificationandbiogasgenerationfromagriculturalgenerationfromagriculturalandforestrywasteandforestrywasteButalmostZEROforscaleButalmostZEROforscale--upupbiomassgenerationbiomassgenerationconnectedwithgridbyconnectedwithgridbyagriculturalandforestryagriculturalandforestrywastewaste20062006年年11月月11日生效的日生效的《《中华人民共中华人民共和国可再生能源法和国可再生能源法》》和一系列有关和一系列有关生物质发电的实施细则，激发了发生物质发电的实施细则，激发了发展生物质，尤其是农林废弃物生物展生物质，尤其是农林废弃物生物质发电产业的积极性。质发电产业的积极性。至至20062006年底，中国政府已核准近年底，中国政府已核准近5050个农林生物质发电项目，总装机容个农林生物质发电项目，总装机容量超过量超过15001500MWMW。。其中其中20062006年核准年核准3838个项目，总装机容量个项目，总装机容量12841284MWMW，，总投资约总投资约100100亿元。已有两处建成投亿元。已有两处建成投产。产。除生物质直燃发电近年发展较快外，除生物质直燃发电近年发展较快外，生物质生物质——煤混燃发电、生物质气化煤混燃发电、生物质气化发电示范工作也有所进展。发电示范工作也有所进展。DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENTTheTheRenewableEnergyLawRenewableEnergyLawofofP.R.ChinaeffectedonJanuaryP.R.ChinaeffectedonJanuary1,2006motivatesthebiomass1,2006motivatesthebiomassgenerationindustry.generationindustry.50agriculturalandforestry50agriculturalandforestrywastewithtotalinstallationswastewithtotalinstallationsofover1500MWapprovedbyofover1500MWapprovedbyNDRCbytheendof2006,ofNDRCbytheendof2006,ofwhich38with1284MWwhich38with1284MWinstallationswereapprovedinstallationswereapprovedUS$1.3billioninvestedinUS$1.3billioninvestedin2006.2projectswereputinto2006.2projectswereputintooperation.operation.biomasscobiomassco--firingwithcoalfiringwithcoalandbiogasprojectsareandbiogasprojectsarepilotingatdifferentlevels.pilotingatdifferentlevels.中国生物质能发电应用才中国生物质能发电应用才刚刚开始，在原料收集、刚刚开始，在原料收集、燃烧设备制造和气化可燃燃烧设备制造和气化可燃气净化处理等方面与国际气净化处理等方面与国际先进水平还有一定差距，先进水平还有一定差距，项目大多处于示范阶段。项目大多处于示范阶段。DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENTNewfiledwithchallengesasNewfiledwithchallengesaswellNEWOPPORTUNITY!wellNEWOPPORTUNITY!¾¾GapbetweennationalandGapbetweennationalandinternationaladvancedinternationaladvancedtechnologiesinrawmaterialtechnologiesinrawmaterialcollection,furnacemanufacturingcollection,furnacemanufacturingandbiogaspurificationequipmentandbiogaspurificationequipmentisneedbridgingisneedbridging¾¾mostoftheprojectsinChinainmostoftheprojectsinChinainpilotanddemonstrationstagepilotanddemonstrationstage2.12.1生物质直接燃烧发电技术生物质直接燃烧发电技术2.22.2生物质混合燃烧发电技术生物质混合燃烧发电技术2.32.3生物质气化发电技术生物质气化发电技术2.42.4沼气发电技术沼气发电技术TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY2.1DirectCombustion2.1DirectCombustion2.2Co2.2Co--FiringFiring2.3Gasification2.3Gasification2.4BiogasGeneration2.4BiogasGeneration（（11））已建成项目已建成项目山东单县生物质直燃发电项目山东单县生物质直燃发电项目：：¾¾建设规模：建设规模：11××2525MWMW汽轮机汽轮机+1+1××130130t/ht/h生物质直燃锅炉，年生物质直燃锅炉，年发电量约发电量约1.51.5亿千瓦时。亿千瓦时。¾¾技术：采用丹麦生物质直燃锅炉技术：采用丹麦生物质直燃锅炉技术，在中国制造。技术，在中国制造。¾¾燃料：棉花秸秆为主，掺烧部分燃料：棉花秸秆为主，掺烧部分树枝、桑条、果枝等林业废弃物，树枝、桑条、果枝等林业废弃物，年耗秸秆年耗秸秆1616--2020万吨。万吨。¾¾20062006年年1111月锅炉点火，是中国第月锅炉点火，是中国第一个建成投产并网发电的规模化一个建成投产并网发电的规模化生物质直燃发电工程。生物质直燃发电工程。DIRECTCOMBUSTIONDIRECTCOMBUSTIONProjectsputintooperationProjectsputintooperationShanxianShanxian,Shandongprovince:,Shandongprovince:¾¾Scale:1Scale:1××25MW++125MW++1××130t/h130t/hgenerate150millionkWhgenerate150millionkWhannuallyannually。。¾¾Technology:DanishTechnology:DanishtechnologyintroductionandtechnologyintroductionandboilermadeinChinaboilermadeinChina¾¾Fuels:cottonstalkmixedFuels:cottonstalkmixedwithforestrywastewithwithforestrywastewithannualconsumption160annualconsumption160000tto200000t000tto200000t¾¾FirstprojectinoperationinFirstprojectinoperationinChinainNovember2006ChinainNovember2006江江苏宿迁生物质直燃发