高中英语 定语从句与倒装句

第一讲：定语从句与倒装句•自2000年以来，对于定语从句一共考察过20次，且每年春秋考试都必考。•其中，限制性定语从句考察过12道，非限制性定语从句考察了8道。Where&which•Thisisthehouse_______Ilive.•Thisisthehouse_______Ilivein.wherewhich拓展思考•Isthishouse________Ilivein?•Isthishouse__________isthebestinthecity?theonetheonethatWhich&when•Ican’tforgetthosedays______IstudiedinU.S.•Ican’tforgetthosedays______IspentinU.S.whenwhichWhy&that•Thisisthereason_____heislate.•Thisisthereason_____heexplainedabouthisabsence.whythatWhen&that•Itis8o’clock_____Icomehere.•Itisat8o’clock____Icomehere.whenthat强调句Which&when•Ican’tforgetthosedays______IstudiedinU.S.•Ican’tforgetthosedays______IspentinU.S.whenwhichWhy&that•Thisisthereason_____heislate.•Thisisthereason_____heexplainedabouthisabsence.whythatWhen&that•Itis8o’clock_____Icomehere.•Itisat8o’clock____Icomehere.whenthat强调句做题一般步骤1.确定先行词：空格之前的单词或词组2.将先行词带入定语从句，还原从句为完整句子3.根据先行词在还原句中的成分确定引导词步骤二步骤三Inwhich=whereIlivethehouse(WRONG)步骤一先行词house，带入句子Iliveinthehouse(RIGHT)Thisisthehouse_______Ilive.关系代词与关系副词常用的关系代词指代对象代指人代指物既可指人又可指物主格who\thatwhichthatasas\that宾格whom\that所有格whoseATTENTION1.that既可以又可指人又可指物。2.who在从句中做主语、whom在从句中做宾语。3.whose一般指人，有时也可指物，在从句中做定语。高考真题•Mozart’sbirthplaceandthehouse_____hecompose“theMagicFlute”arebothmuseumsnow.(2009上海)•A.where•B.when•C.there•D.which介词+关系代词引导的定语从句指代对象先行词关系副词及相应结构时间day\year\date\timewhen\duringwhichtime地点theplace\thecity\地点where\inwhich\fromwhich原因thereasonwhy\that\forwhich扩展练习1•（2004上海）Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone___theycantalkfrequently.•A.who•B.as•C.aboutwhich•D.withwhomWewentthoughaperiod____communicationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.(08上海）A.whichB.whoseC.inwhichD.withwhich非限定性定语从句•Sheismysisterwhoisanurse.•(限定性定语从句，特指是我当护士的那个妹妹。)•Sheismysister,whoisanurse.•（非限定性定语从句，whoisanurse是一个附带条件。）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制定语从句与先行词的关系紧密删除影响句意疏松，删后不影响逗号的运用不运用逗号运用逗号关系词that运用可用不可用关系词是否省略可省略不可省略读时是否停顿不停顿读时停顿是否可修饰句子不可可修饰整个句子翻译时的区别常译为定语译为并列句或从句限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句对解题有用的两个区别：1.从形态上：逗号的区别2.从意义上：紧密的区别3.关系代词指代整个主句内容，要用非限制性定语从句真题举例Youcanfindwhateveryouneedattheshoppingcentre,____isalwaysbusyattheweekend.(06上海春)A.thatB.whereC.whatD.which变式:名词性成分+介词+关系代词•（2000上海）RecentlyIboughtanancientvase,___wasveryreasonable.•A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhich•C.itspriceD.thepriceofthose•1.逗号排除C•2.reasonable从句主语是price•3.whoseprice=thepriceofwhich：B特殊形式的定语从句•1.必须用as引导的定语从句•条件：先行词为such,so,as,thesame等•Itwasn’tsuchagoodbook___shehaddescribed.•A.thatB.asC.whichD.what辨析•Key：看空格后的句子成分是否完整Such/soassuch/sothat•Asateacher,Iseldomgivemystudentssodifficultaproblemastheycannotworkout.•Asateacher,Iseldomgivemystudentssodifficultaproblemthattheycannotworkitout.综合练习•Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowprice____peopleexpected.(2000春上海)•A.likeB.asC.thatD.which练一练1._____ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolisincreasing.（1999上海）A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD.Itasitmentionedabove,=itismentionedabovethatitissaidthat=asitsaid,综合练习2.____hasbeenannounced,weshallhaveourfinalexamsnextmonth.(03上海春)A.ThatB.AsC.ItD.What•Asitknowntoall•Asshesaid,•asitmentionedabove,2.必须用that引导的定语从句•（1）先行词：•不定代词：something,everything,anything,nothing•数量词：all,any,much,many,some,few,little,none真题演练•（2007上海春季）Thethoughtofgoingbackhomewas___kepthimhappywhilehewasworkingabroad.•A.that•B.allthat•C.allwhat•D.whichwhat•（2）先行词被only,last,no,very等词修饰时•Tofacefearistheonlywaythatreallyworks.•3）先行词中既包含人又包含物时•IamgoingtotalkaboutthecultureandpeoplethatIhavevisited.•（4）先行词本身是序数词、形容词最高级或被这些词修饰时•Whatisthebestthatcouldpossiblyhappen?•Jackisthefirstonethattocrossthestreet.考点分析：关系副词与关系代词的转换关系副词=介词+whichWhere/when=at/on/inwhichwhy=forwhich关系副词的用法3.Whywhy在定语从句中作原因状语。也可用forwhich代替。Why不可引导非限制性定语从句，此时可以用forwhich替代。区别thereasonwhy与thereasonthatThereasonthatthecarbrokedowndoesn’tholdwater.(同位语从句)关系副词的用法Inanhour,wecantraveltoplaces_____wouldhavetakenourancestorsdaystoreach.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.what1.分析先行词是places么？2.由句意可知，指代词仍然指代的是主句的所有内容，并且引导词在从句中作主语，故只能用which来引导答案选C判断先行词时，千万不能单以词意来草率判断，还必须分析句意，并且一定要结合在从句中所作的成分来判断真题演练•（2006上海）Inanhour,wecantraveltoplaces_____wouldhavetakenourancestorsdaystoreach.•A.whereB.whenC.whichD.what•Ourancestorswouldtakedaystoreachtheplaces.扩展练习1•（2005年上海）Ifashophaschairs____womencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeintheshop.•A.that•B.which•C.when•D.where真题演练•（2001上海）He’sgothimselfintoaserioussituation_______heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.•A.whereB.whichC.whileD.why•破题：•Inaserioussituationinwhichwhere:A•Icanthinkofmanycases_____studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn’twriteagoodessay.•A.whyB.whichC.asD.where定语从句需要注意的几个问题Afastfoodrestaurantistheplace_____,justasthenamesuggest,eatingisperformedquickly.A.whichB.whereC.thereD.what解题思路：1.撇去插入成分2.找到先行词place,并在从句中作地点状语3.故选择where最合适•介词之后•出现于非限定性定语从句中•先行词是整个句子，或者是句子中指代的某件事情3.必须用which引导的定语从句•（2007年上海）Hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival,wasbeyondhiswildestdream.•A.which•B.that•C.where•D.it真题演练扩展练习2•（2008上海春季）Villagersheredependonthefishingindustry,_____therewon’tbemuchwork.•A.where•B.that•C.bywhich•D.withoutwhich•Hewasveryrudetothecustomsofficer,_____ofcoursemadethingsevenworse.•A.who•B.whom•C.what•D.which•Aleca