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1．性质：它具有动词的特点，但在句子中起着名词、形容词、副词的作用，充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语的作用，即：除谓语以外的一切成分。非谓语动词2．形式不定式相当于名词、形容词、副词。充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语。动名词相当于名词充当主语、表语、定语、宾语.分词相当于形容词、副词。作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语。现在分词过去分词ParticiplesV---ingV--ed1.作状语2.作定语3.作表语4.作补语现在分词过去分词fallingleavesfallenleavesboilingwaterboiledwaterdevelopingcountriesdevelopedcountries一：分词做定语表所修饰名词的性质、特征和状态。正在下落的树叶沸腾的水发展中国家已经落下的树叶烧开过的水发达国家不及物动词的现在分词做定语，表示动作正在发生不及物动词的过去分词做定语，表示动作完成。（一）Thehouses________in2000arefortheteachers.Theworkers_______thehousesarefromcountries.(build)及物动词的doing作定语表动作正在进行；与所修饰的名词是主动关系及物动词的done作定语表动作已经完成；与所修饰的名词是被动关系（二）buildingbuilt1)单个-ing形式作定语时,放在所修饰的名词之前,-ing形式短语作定语时,放在所修饰的名词之后,并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。如：Theylivedinaroomfacingthestreet.=Theylivedinaroomthatfacesthestreet.他们住在一间面朝街的房子。ThemanstandingthereisPeter’sfather.=ThemanwhoisstandingthereisPeter’sfather.站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。（动名词作定语和分词作定语）asleepingbagasleepingboyadrinkingcupadrinkinghorseAbagforsleepingAboythatissleepingAcupfordrinkingAhorsethatisdrinking现在分词表示所修饰人或物的动作，可用定语从句来改写动名词表示所修饰名词的性能及用途，可用介词for来替代adancinghalladancinggirlacookingpotamovingstoryAhallfordancingAgirlthatisdancingApotforcookingAstorythatismovingThenewsis__________.（令人鼓舞）Heis_________.(感到惊讶）inspiringsurprised.二：分词做表语作表语时或定语时，现在分词表示“令人…”修饰物过去分词“感到…”，修饰人anexcitingvoice令人兴奋的声音anexcitedvoice兴奋的声音apuzzlinglook令人迷惑不解的表情apuzzledlook困惑的表情放在系动词之后，用来泛指某种动作或行为，以说明主语的身份、性质或情况。如：Thenewsis______.Weare______atthenews(excite)excitingexcited三：分词做宾语补语3.Listentothebirds________(sing)4.Ioftenhearthissong_____5.Isawtheboy_____(punish)bytheteacher.singing.sungpunishedcookingcooked1.Ifoundhim______supper（cook）.2.Ifoundsupper______whenIgothome.四：分词做状语Whentheyheardthenews,theygotexcitedHearingthenews,theygotexcited.(时间)Ifweweregivenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkbetterGivenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkbetter.（条件）1.Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,________________（说说笑笑）(laughandtalk)2.Heenteredtheroom,_________________(后面跟着女朋友）．(follow)（伴随状语）talkingandlaughingfollowedbyhisgirlfriend与句中主语是主动关系与句中主语是被动关系Becausehehadvisitedthecitymanytimes,heofferedtobeourguide.________________thecitymanytimes,heofferedtobeourguide.（原因）Becauseshehadbeenbittenbyasnake,shewasfrightenedatit.___________________byasnake,shewasfrightenedatit.(原因)分词做状语形式现在分词的完成式现在分词完成被动式________theteacher,allthestudentsstoodup.（see)Seeing分词的一般式_____(不知道）heraddress,wecan’tgetintouchwithher.4.否定式在V-ing前加上not,警示语要直接在V-ing前加noNotknowingNoparking/smoking/spitting.分词的否定式HavingvisitedHavingbeenbittenSummary现在分词过去分词表语定语状语宾语补足语与句中主语是主动关系与句中主语是被动关系与所修饰的名词是主动关系与所修饰的名词是被动关系与宾语是主动关系与宾语是被动关系与句中主语是主动关系与句中主语是被动关系