英语四级阅读30天学习笔记

英语四级阅读30天学习笔记按照内容分为两类：一、文科文章-两点注意：1.文章态度2.抓住文章主题1)把握主题后不会偏差理解2)与主题相关的选项为优选选项二、理科文章1.试验型(Study\Experiment\Research\Test)2.科技成果型(e.g.ArtificialHeart)3.现象解释型按照体裁分为三类：一、说明文1.抓住说明对象2.重要数据事实二、议论文属于文科类文章三、记叙文阅读中难点句型：一、多重复合句-关键抓住主句主干成分二、多重并列句-两个主句并列在一起，而非主句从句嵌套在一起三、强调句-被强调部分为主语、宾语、状语Itisthat…四、被动句-基本结构AisdonebyB五、倒装句-否定词hardly,rarely,seldom,never,notuntil,notonly引起句子倒装六、省略句-e.g.Heisagoodman,soamI.建议采用的阅读方法：一、扫描题干，大致了解题目类型及分布，将其中细节题题干关键词划出。二、速读原文，遇到题干关键词或其同义词时做适当标记；关注考试原则句。考试原则句：重要句(各段首句，文章末句，结论、解释句)，转折句，条件句，因果关系句，复合句等难句(多重复合、多重并列、强调句、倒装句)，时间，数字，人名，比较。三、定位答案，正确选项为文章对应语句的同义改写。题型攻略：一、主题题(mainidea/mainly/mainlydiscuss/mainlyconcerned/central/primary)两种变体：1.写作目的题型purposeofwriting2.文章标题题型thebesttitle做题方法：1.找主题句2.找主体词(通常在文章中出现频率较高，往往会在第一段出现，且带有概括性的词语)二、细节题类型：1.对错题2.例证题3.一般细节题做题方法：准确定位三、词汇题类型：1.指代题2.词义题做题方法：1.根据上下文关系2.构词法(词根词缀)st(位置不变)：stay-stand-stationary-street-star-statue-statuspose(放置)：position-expose(ex向外：exit-export)propose(pro向前)suppose(sup/sub在下面：subway-submarine)depose(de否定)deposit(de向下)interpose(inter:internet,international)背单词方法1.词根词缀2.阅读记忆3.联想记忆如：handsome(其中：h很，s帅，m嘛→英俊的)morose(mo没有，rose玫瑰→郁闷的)ancillary(an+cillary希拉里→辅助的)四、推理题(infer-imply-suggest-indicate-conclude)正确答案特点：文章对应内容的同义改写五、作者态度题(attitude-beseenas)做题方法：1.找作者直接评价语句2.找表达感情色彩的形容词、动词、副词Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:21.Thepassageimpliesthatthetelegraphcablewasbuiltmainly________.A.foroceanographicstudiesB.formilitarypurposesC.forbusinessconsiderationsD.forinvestigatingthedepthsoftheoceans22.Itwas________thataskedMauryforhelpinoceanographicstudies.A.theAmericanNavyB.someearlyintercontinentaltravellersC.thosewhoearnedalivingfromtheseaD.thecompanywhichproposedtolayanunderseacable23.TheaimofvoyagesMauryencouragedinthe1840swas________.A.tomakesomesoundexperimentsintheoceansB.tocollectsamplesofseaplantsandanimalsC.toestimatethelengthofcablethatwastobemadeD.tomeasurethedepthsoftwooceans24.'Defied'inthe5thparagraphprobablymeans________A.'doubted'B.'gaveproofto'C.'challenged'D.'agreedto'25.Thispassageismainlyabout________A.thebeginningsofoceanographyB.thelayingofthefirstunderseacableC.theinvestigationofoceandepthsD.theearlyintercontinentalcommunicationsQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Oceanographyhasbeendefinedas'Theapplicationofallsciencestothestudyofthesea'.注：1.Oceanography由Ocean(海洋)和graphy(学科)组成，意为“海洋学”2.application表示“申请”用介词for,表示“应用”用介词to3.第一句给某个东西下定义，称为篇章定义，必为文章主题Beforethenineteenthcentury,scientistswithaninterestintheseawerefewandfarbetween.CertainlyNewtonconsideredsometheoreticalaspectsofitinhiswritings,buthewasreluctant(不愿意)togotoseatofurtherhiswork.注：1.第二段：在十九世纪之前，对海洋感兴趣的科学家很少，可以推断本文根据时间顺序来描述海洋学发展的过程2.further跟在to后面是个动词，表示“推进”Formostpeopletheseawasremote,andwiththeexceptionofearlyintercontinentaltravelersorotherswhoearnedalivingfromthesea,therewaslittlereasontoaskmanyquestionsaboutit,letalonetoaskwhatlaybeneaththesurface.Thefirsttimethatthequestion'Whatisatthebottomoftheoceans?'hadtobeansweredwithanycommercialconsequencewaswhenthelayingofatelegraphcablefromEuropetoAmericawasproposed.Theengineershadtoknowthedepthprofile(起伏形状)oftheroutetoestimatethelengthofcablethathadtobemanufactured.注：1.remote遥远的2.andwith…多重复合句3.intercontinental洲际的(Inter在之间，continent大洲)4.letalone更不用说……5.firsttime由不感兴趣转折到感兴趣，谓语是was6.第二句that引导同位语从句，when引导表语从句，整句意思为“当有人基于商业目的建议在美国和欧洲之间铺设电报电缆的时候，人们才提出问题：海底是什么？”7.route路线router路由器ItwastoMauryoftheUSNavythattheAtlanticTelegraphCompanyturned,in1853,forinformationonthismatter.Inthe1840s,Mauryhadbeenresponsibleforencouragingvoyagesduringwhichsoundings(测深)weretakentoinvestigatethedepthsoftheNorthAtlanticandPacificOceans.Later,someofhisfindingsarousedmuchpopularinterestinhisbookThePhysicalGeographyoftheSea.注：1.itwas…that…强调句型2.turntosb.forsth.向某人请教某事3.出现问题中划线词：Maury,1840s3.investigate调查，测量Thecablewaslaid,butnotuntil1866wastheconnectionmadepermanentandreliable.Attheearlyattempts,thecablefailedandwhenitwastakenoutforrepairsitwasfoundtobecoveredinlivinggrowths,afactwhichdefiedcontemporaryscientificopinionthattherewasnolifeinthedeeperpartsofthesea.注：1.notuntil引导的句子要倒装2.livinggrowth生物3.afact作同位语4.contemporary当代的5.defy前后意思相反，可以推出24题答案为C24.'Defied'inthe5thparagraphprobablymeans________A.'doubted'B.'gaveproofto'C.'challenged'D.'agreedto'注：词汇题。定位倒数第二段Withinafewyearsoceanographywasunderway.In1872Thomsonledascientificexpedition(考察)，whichlastedforfouryearsandbroughthomethousandsofsamplesfromthesea.Theirclassificationandanalysisoccupiedscientistsforyearsandledtoafive-volumereport,thelastvolumebeingpublishedin1895.注：oceanography昀末一段与第一段首句都出现oceanagraphy,回环结构。21.Thepassageimpliesthatthetelegraphcablewasbuiltmainly________.A.foroceanographicstudies1C.forbusinessconsiderationsD.forinvestigatingthedepthsoftheoceans注：推理题。定位第三段，倒数第三行。选项D的内容出现在第四段，为窜段选项Formostpeopletheseawasremote,andwiththeexceptionofearlyintercontinentaltravelersorotherswhoearnedalivingfromthesea,therewaslittlereasontoaskmanyquestionsaboutit,letalonetoaskwhatlaybeneaththesurface.Thefirsttimethatthequestion'Whatisatthebottomoftheoceans?'hadtobeansweredwithanycommercialconsequen