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notenoteZetaSepicØØØØ————nnnnnnnnPWMPWM11nn––––11nn––––nn11nn––––––11nn––19551955––6060––7070––707011nn11nnnn(ZCS)(ZCS)(ZVS)(ZVS)11nn11nnPWMPWMPWMPWMPWMPWM11nnZVTPWMZCTPWM905250WZVZCSPWM804ZCSPWMZVSPWM803QRCMRC80270122nn((QRCsQRCs,quasi,quasi--resonantresonant--converters)converters)8080nn––ZVSZVSQRCsQRCs––ZCSZCSQRCsQRCs22nn––nn––2.12.1BuckZCSQRCsBuckZCSQRCs2.12.1nn––LrLrTpTpTpTpLrLrTpTp2.12.1nnBuckZCSBuckZCSQRCsQRCs––TpTpIoIoDDCrCrLrLrCrCr0UcCLliCL0It1iLrIoD1(4.1)orIELT=1(4.2))(0ttLEirLr-=(4.1)LrLrCrCr1.1[t0,t1]TpDCr0LrEiLrI0UcCLliCL0IiLr(t1)=IouCr(t1)=0⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧-==+-CrLrroLrCrvEdtdiLIidtduCr(4.3)LrLrCrCr2.2[t1,t2]t1DLrCriLr(t1)=IouCr(t1)=0EIo0IoEIo0UcCLliCL0IrrrCL1=wrrrCLZ=ZCSQRCst=t2iLrTp22Trwq=pqp23⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧--=+-=)](cos1[)(sin11ttEvIttZEirCrorrLrww(4.4)rrorEZIttTwqw=⎟⎠⎞⎜⎝⎛-=-=-1122sin1(4.5)0UcCLliCL0I3.3[t2,t3]t=t2TpDCrCrut2t3uCrD3oCrrIdtduC=(4.6)LrLrCrCr2.12.10UcCLliCL0I2.12.1BuckZCSQRCsTpTpiiLrLruuTPTPuuCCrr2.12.10UcCLliCL0IBuckZCSQRCs2.12.1nnLrLrCrCrIomaxIomaxiLriLr(4.4)(4.4)maxorIZE(4.7)(4.7)maxocrIEKZ=(4.8)(4.8)KcKc11rrrCL1=w(4.8)(4.8)⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧⋅⋅=⋅=⋅⋅==EKIZCIEKZLcorrrrocrrrrmaxmax111(a)Buck(b)BuckZCSQRCs2.12.1nnZCSZCSQRCsQRCs(c)Boost(d)BoostZCSQRCs2.12.1nnZCSZCSQRCsQRCs(e)Buck-Boost(f)Buck-BoostZCSQRCs2.12.1nnZCSZCSQRCsQRCs(g)Cuk(h)CukZCSQRCs2.22.24.74.7ZCSZCSLrLrCrCrCrCrZVSZVS4.7ZCSQRCsZVSQRCs2.22.2ZVSZVS--QRCsQRCsBuckBuckBuckBuckSSLLBuckBuckaBuckZVSQRCsbBuckZVSQRCs2.22.2nnBuckZVSBuckZVSQRCsQRCsCrCrTpTpTpTpTpTpBuckZVSBuckZVSQRCsQRCs2.22.2TTppIoIoTTppIoIoDDCrCrTpTp0UcCLlioffTpCLItttt00TpTp1.1.1[t1[t00,t,t11]]tt00TpTpDDLrLrCrCruuCrCr(Io,0)(Io,0)uu0UcCLlioffTpCLI)(0ttCIurLCr-=(4.10)LrLriiLLCrCr0UcCLlioffTpCLI⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧-==+-CrLrrLrCrvEdtdiLidtduCr0(4.11)iiLLLrLrCrCr0UcCLlioffTpCLILrLrCrCriiLLrrrCL1=wrrrCLZ=⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=+=tItitZIVtvroLrroicrrwwcos)(sin)((4.12)2.22.20UcCLlioffTpCLIEdtdiLLrr=(4.13)LrLrCrCriiLL2.22.20UcCLlioffTpCLILrLrCrCriiLL2.22.2BuckZVSQRCs2.22.24.10BuckZVSQRCs2.22.2nnLrLrCrCrIIoomaxmaxuuCrCrTpTp(4.12)(4.12)orIEZ≥(4.14)(4.14)ocrIEKZ=(4.15)(4.15)KcKc11rrrCL1=w(4.15)(4.15)⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧⋅⋅=⋅=⋅⋅==EKIZCIEKZLcorrrrocrrrr(a)Buck(b)BuckZVSQRCsnnZVSZVSQRCsQRCs(c)Boost(d)BoostZVSQRCsnnZVSZVSQRCsQRCs(e)Buck-Boost(f)Buck-BoostZVSQRCsnnZVSZVSQRCsQRCs(g)Cuk(h)CukZVSQRCs2.32.3nnMultiMulti--ResonateResonate--ConvertersConvertersnnTpTpDD““””nn2.32.3nnD1CrTpLsLdTpCsCdD1Lr4.12ZCMRsZVMRs(a)ZCMRs(b)ZVMRs2.3.12.3.1nnZVZVMRsMRsBuckBuckBuckZVSMRCBuckZVSMRCBuckZVSMRCBuckZVSMRCDTpLrEiLriLrIoDLrCDTpLrCDCsCDDLrCsCsTpBuckZVSMRCTpD3.13.1nnBuckZVSMRCBuckZVSMRCTpTpDDiiLrLr(to(to)=)=Io,uIo,uCrCr(to(to)=E)=E(a)1(b)2(c)3(d)41.1.1[t0,t1]1[t0,t1]t=tot=toTpTpuuCdCd(t0)=0(t0)=0DDLrLrEEiLriLr(a)(a)00)()()()(00==+-=CdCsLrLututIttLEtirr(4.17)(a)12.2.2[t1,t2]2[t1,t2]LrLrCdCd(b)(b)⎩⎨⎧==0)()(11tuItiDoLr(4.18)(4.18)⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧-=-=oLDDDLrIidtduCvEdtdiLrr(4.19)iLriLruCduCd⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧---+=)](cos1[)(sin11ttEuttZEIiDDDDoLrww(4.20)DrDCL1=wDrCLZD=(b)(b)223.3.3[t2,t3]3[t2,t3]t2t2TpTpCsCsTpTpLrLrCsCsCdCdCsCsCdCdDSDSCCCCCr+=⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧===22)(0)()(222DDSLLUtutuItir(4.22)t=t3t=t3CDCDDD⎪⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎪⎨⎧-==--=oLDDLSsSDLrIidtduCidtduCuuEdtdiLrrr(4.21)(c)(c)334.4.4[t4,t5]4[t4,t5]TpTpDDTpTpCSCSLrLr(d)(d)⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧=-==rrLSSSLrDidtduCuEdtdiLu0(4.23)⎩⎨⎧==3333)()(StSLLUuItir(4.24)(d)44.134.13BuckZVSMRCBuckZVSMRC2.3.22.3.2nnZVSZVSMRCsMRCs(a)Buck(b)BuckZVSMRCsnnZVSZVSMRCsMRCs(c)Boost(d)BoostZVSMRCsnnZVSZVSMRCsMRCs(e)Buck-Boost(f)Buck-BoostZVSMRCsnnZVSZVSMRCsMRCs(g)Cuk(h)CukZVSMRCsnn––––CD/CSCD/CS––nn––UUIIZVSZVSMRCMRCUUTpTpZCSZCSMRCMRCIITpTp––ff2.42.4ZVSZVSnnTpTpon,Doff,Vc(0)=0,il(0)=on,Doff,Vc(0)=0,il(0)=IzIz1.1.t0t0TpTpEE--VoVo2.2.VcVc=E(t1=E(t1))DDLLVoVo3.3.ilil=0(t2=0(t2))Doff,Doff,EE--VoVo4.4.VcVc=0=0TpTp(t3(t3),L),LEE--VoVoZVSZVSZVSZVSnnTpTpDpDp,,,,ZVSZVSnn––ZVSZVSZCSZCSTpTpnn––Vo0.5EVo0.5E––TpTp––2.52.5nnRDCLIRDCLIresonantDCresonantDClinkinverterlinkinverternnCLIzCLILTpTpIoIoCLIzCLILLCnnRDCLIRDCLI1.1.IIIIIzIzIzIzDpDpTpTpIIIzIzImImIIIzIz22332.2.LLnnRDCLIRDCLI3.3.PWMPWMf/2f/2ff4.4.TpTpTpTpTpTpnnACRLIACRLIActivelyActivelyClampedResonantDCLinkClampedResonantDCLinknnVc(0)=0,IVc(0)=0,IL0L0(0)=Io,(0)=Io,SrSroff,Scoffoff,ScoffCcCCcCIoIoCLICLIznnPRDCLIPRDCLIParallelResonantParallelResonantDCLinkDCLink––RDCLIRDCLIDCDCPWMPWM22ACRLIACRLIPRDCLIPRDCLI