9.状语从句

状语从句AdverbialClauses1.什么是状语：在句中用来修饰动词、形容词、副词的成分被称为状语。如：Heworksveryhard.Heisrealhandsome.2.什么是状语从句：用作状语的句子被称为状语从句。really1.AdverbialClausesofTime:（时间状语从句）3.DifferentKindsofAdverbialClauses:2.AdverbialClausesofReason(原因状语从句）3.AdverbialClausesofConditions(条件状语从句）4.AdverbialClausesofPlace(地点状语从句）5.AdverbialClausesofPurpose(目的状语从句）6.AdverbialClausesofResult（结果状语从句）7.AdverbialClausesofComparison（比较状语从句）8.AdverbialClausesofConcession(让步状语从句）9.AdverbClausesofManner(方式状语从句)4.位置：主前从后亲密没够，从前主后得有小逗，从在主中需俩逗逗。Iwasreadingabookwhenhecamein.Whenhecamein,Iwasreadingabook.Iwas,whenhecamein,readingabook.一。时间状语从句一。时间状语从句whenwhileasbeforeaftertill/untilsinceassoonas普通连词特殊连词themomenttheminutethesecondtheinstantevery/eachtimenexttimeanytimebythetimethefirsttimeimmediatelydirectlyinstantly一.When的用法1.When即可以引导一个持续性动作，又可引到一个短暂行动作。2.可用以表示主从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句。（从主）(从句动词可延续也可非延续)IwasthinwhenIwasachild.Thefilmhadbeenonwhenwearrived.2.beabouttodo…when…bedoing…when…beonone’sway…when…beonthepointofdoing…when…hadjustdone…when…以上句式中的“when”译为“这时或那时”不可以用其它连词替换。a.ThetelephonewasringingwhenIgothome.b.Iwasabouttogotobedwhenhecameback.Wewerejust__callinghimup__hecamein.A.about;whenB.onthepointof;whileC.onthepointof;whenD.onthepointof;asIwaswalkingdownthestreetwhileIheardsomeonecallingforhelp.when正要...的时候3.When引导条件状语从句相当于ifHowcanIexplainittoyouwhen/ifyouwon’tlisten.Whenyoureaditagain,themeaningwillbecomeclearertoyou.二.While的用法1.必须引导持续性动作，强调在一段时间内，主句和从句动作同时发生。MymotherwascookingwhileIwasdoingmyhomework.Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.2.“然而”表示对比。IlikewatchingTVwhilehelikesreading.3.引导让步状语从句“虽然、尽管”WhileIadmithisgoodpoints,Icanseehisshortcomings.尽管我承认他的优点，但我还是看到了他的缺点。4.引导条件状语从句“只要”Whilewearehere,don’tworry.三.As的引导时间状语从句的用法1.“随着”2.“一边…一边…”3.“当…”强调动作同时发生，无先后.1.AsIgetolder,Igetmoreoptimistic.随着年龄的增长，我变得更加乐观。2.Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.他匆匆忙忙回家，边走边往后看。3.Ashewasgoingout,itbegantorain.当他出去时开始下雨了。“as”可以引导的其它状语从句：•Youngasheis,heknowsalot.（让步）•Ashewasn’treadyintime,wewentwithouthim.（原因）•DoasItoldyou./doasyoulike.（方式）•HeisasoldasI/me.（比较）•连接词when,while,as的用法区别：1．while引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词必须是可延续的，而when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词是可延续的，也可以是非延续的动词。如：When/Whilehewaseatinghisbreakfast,heheardthedoorbellring.WhenIstoppedmycar,amancameuptome.2．从句动作发生在主句动作之前时，只能用when引导这个从句，不可用as或while。如：Whenyouhavefinishedyourwork,youmayhavearest.3．表示“随着…,一边…一边”，连词用as.如：Astheelectionapproached,theviolencegotworse.随着选举的临近，暴力愈演愈烈。4．如果主句谓动是非延续性的，而从句谓动是延续性动词并使用进行时态时，when,while与as可互换使用。如：When/While/AsIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.四.Before的多种翻译方式：1.在…之前2.在It+be+短时间+before句型中主句是肯定句式时：“（多久之后）才…”主句是否定句式时：“（过不了多久）就…”3.“还没来得及，就…”4.“趁……”1.Beforetheygottothebusstop,thebushadgone.在..之前2.Itwillbe5yearsbeforehereturnstohismotherland.多久之后才…3.Wewaitedalongtimebeforehecameout.多久之后才…4.Itwon’tbelongbeforewemeetagain.过不了多久就5.Hediedbeforehewroteawill.还没来得及6.Catchhimbeforeheescapes.趁着7.Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit.趁着五.till,until和not…until：1.主句是肯定句时，主句的动词必是延续性动词，表示“主句动作或状态一直持续到从句动词发生才停止”。从句引导词是till/until都行。如：Wewaiteduntil/tillhecame.2．主句是否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，表示“主句动作直到从句动词发生才开始”，从句引导词通常用until。如：Hewon’tgotobeduntilshereturns.3．till不可以置于句首，而until可以。如：UntilyoutoldmeIhadnoideaofit.4．not…until句型中的强调和倒装说法：NotuntilyoutoldmedidIhaveanyideaofit.ItwasnotuntilyoutoldmethatIhadanyideaofit.倒装六.Since的用法1.since+时间2.sincethen3.eversince4.Itis/hasbeen+时间段＋since…did…5.译为“既然”时引导原因状从主句谓动用现在完成时，从句谓动用一般过去时，译为“自从”Mrlihasbeenheresince1998.Mrlihasbeenheresincehecameback.It’s/hasbeentwoyearssincewearrivedhere.Itisthreeyearssincehelivedhere.他不在这儿住三年了。Itistwoyearssincehesmoked.他不吸烟已有两年了。Itistwoyearssincehebegantosmoke.他吸烟有两年了。assoonasthemomenttheminutethesecondtheinstantimmediatelydirectlyinstantlynosooner…than…hardly/scarcely…when…七.可以译为“一…就”的连词1.Assoonashearrives,Iwilltellhim.2.ThemomentIsawhim,Irecognizedhim.3.Ileftimmediatelytheclockstruck5.4.Ihadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.=HardlyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.5.Ihadnosoonergothomethanitbegantorain.=NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.时态、搭配、倒装一些含有time的名词短语可以引导时间状语1.Nexttimeyoucome,pleasebringyourcomposition2.ThefirsttimeIclimbedontothewall,Ifeltnervous.3.Youarewelcometocomebackanytimeyouwantto.4.Thetruckwillhavearrivedbythetimeyouhaveallthethingspackedup.5.Bythetimehearrived,thetrainhadalreadygone.时态二。地点状语从句1.地点状语从句有where,wherever引导。1.Wemustcampwherewecangetwater.2.Iwillfollowyouwhereveryougo.3.Wherethereisariver,thereisacity.4.Iwillgowherehewent.5.Iwillstaywithyouwhereverhegoes.2.地点状语从句Thelittlegirlwhogotlostdecidedtoremainwhereshewasandwaitforhermother.那个迷路的小女孩决定待在原地等她母亲。地点状语从句常见的连词有：1.where在……地方，2.wherever无论在……地方，(1)Makeamark-------youhaveproblems.(2)Iwillfindhim------hemaybe.wherewherever3．地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。Wherethere’sawill，there’saway.有志者事竟成。Where(ver)there’splentyofsunandrain，thefieldsaregreen.哪里阳光雨水充足，哪里的田野就绿油油。地点状语从句和定语从句的区别。Gobackwhereyoucamefrom.Gobacktotheplacewhereyoucame.【例1】________heis，hewillbethinkingofhisgirlfriend.A.WhatB.WhereC.WhetherD.Wherever【例2】Shefoundhercalculator________shelostit.A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.when【例3】Thisisthefactory_____