句子简化题和句子插入题练习2

1Agriculture,Iron,andtheBantuPeoplesParagraph5:UnlikeintheAmericas,wheremetallurgywasaverylateandlimiteddevelopment,Africanshadironfromarelativelyearlydate,developingingeniousfurnacestoproducethehighheatneededforproductionandtocontroltheamountofairthatreachedthecarbonandironorenecessaryformakingiron.MuchofAfricamovedrightintotheIronAge,takingthebasictechnologyandadaptingittolocalconditionsandresources.10.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.○WhileAmericanironmakersdevelopedthelatestfurnaces,Africanironmakerscontinuedusingearliertechniques.○AfricansproducedironmuchearlierthanAmericans,inventingtechnologicallysophisticatedheatingsystems.○IronmakingdevelopedearlierinAfricathanintheAmericasbecauseofthereadyavailabilityofcarbonandironore.○BothAfricaandtheAmericasdevelopedthecapacityformakingironearly,butAfricanmetallurgydevelopedataslowerrate.2RunningWateronMars?Paragraph4:Theseideasremaincontroversial.Proponentspointtofeaturessuchastheterraced“beaches”showninoneimage,whichcouldconceivablyhavebeenleftbehindasalakeoroceanevaporatedandtheshorelinereceded.Butdetractorsmaintainthattheterracescouldalsohavebeencreatedbygeologicalactivity,perhapsrelatedtothegeologicforcesthatdepressedtheNorthernHemispherefarbelowthelevelofthesouth,inwhichcasetheyhavenothingwhatevertodowithMartianwater.Furthermore,MarsGlobalSurveyordatareleasedin2003seemtoindicatethattheMartiansurfacecontainstoofewcarbonaterocklayers—layerscontainingcompoundsofcarbonandoxygen—thatshouldhavebeenformedinabundanceinanancientocean.Theirabsencesupportsthepictureofacold,dryMarsthatneverexperiencedtheextendedmildperiodrequiredtoformlakesandoceans.However,morerecentdataimplythatatleastsomepartsoftheplanetdidinfactexperiencelongperiodsinthepastduringwhichliquidwaterexistedonthesurface.9.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.○Butdetractorsarguethatgeologicalactivitymayberesponsibleforthewaterassociatedwiththeterraces.○Butdetractorsarguethattheterracesmayhavebeenformedbygeologicalactivityratherthanbythepresenceofwater.○ButdetractorsarguethattheterracesmayberelatedtogeologicalforcesintheNorthernHemisphereofMars,ratherthantoMartianwaterinthesouth.○ButdetractorsarguethatgeologicalforcesdepressedtheNorthernHemispheresofarbelowthelevelofthesouththattheterracescouldnothavebeenformedbywater.3TheArrivalofPlantLifeinHawaiiParagraph2:Sporeslightenoughtofloatonthebreezeswerecarriedthousandsofmilesfrommoreancientlandsanddepositedatrandomacrossthebaremountainflanks.Afewofthesesporesfoundatoeholdonthedark,forbiddingrocksandgrewandbegantoworktheirtransformationupontheland.Lichenswereprobablythefirstsuccessfulflora.Thesearenotsingleindividualplants;eachoneisasymbioticcombinationofanalgaandafungus.Thealgaecapturethesun'senergybyphotosynthesisandstoreitinorganicmolecules.Thefungiabsorbmoistureandmineralsaltsfromtherocks,passingtheseoninwasteproductsthatnourishalgae.Itissignificantthattheearliestlivingthingthatbuiltcommunitiesontheseislandsareexamplesofsymbiosis,aphenomenonthatdependsupontheclosecooperationoftwoormoreformsoflifeandaprinciplethatisveryimportantinislandcommunities.3.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.○Someoftheearliestimportantexamplesofsymbiosis—theclosecooperationoftwoormorelivingthings—occurinislandcommunities.○Symbiosis—theclosecooperationofpairsorsmallgroupsoflivingorganisms—isespeciallyimportantintheseislandenvironments.○Thefirstorganismsontheseislandsworkedtogethercloselyinarelationshipknownassymbiosis,whichisparticularlyimportantonislands.○Itissignificanttonotethatorganismsinthebeginningstagesofthedevelopmentofislandlifecannotsurvivewithoutclosecooperation.4ChinesePotteryParagraph3:Theearliestceramicswerefiredtoearthenwaretemperatures,butasearlyasthefifteenthcenturyB.C.,high-temperaturestonewareswerebeingmadewithglazedsurfaces.DuringtheSixDynastiesperiod(AD265-589),kilnsinnorthChinawereproducinghigh-firedceramicsofgoodquality.WhitewaresproducedinHebeiandHenanprovincesfromtheseventhtothetenthcenturiesevolvedintothehighlyprizedporcelainsoftheSongdynasty(AD.960-1279),longregardedasoneofthehighpointsinthehistoryofChina'sceramicindustry.Thetraditionofreligioussculptureextendsovermosthistoricalperiodsbutislessclearlydelineatedthanthatofstonewaresorporcelains,foritembracestheoldcustomofearthenwareburialceramicswithlaterreligiousimagesandarchitecturalornament.Ceramicproductsalsoincludelead-glazedtombmodelsoftheHandynasty,three-colorlead-glazedvesselsandfiguresoftheTangdynasty,andMingthree-colortempleornaments,inwhichthemotifswereoutlinedinaraisedtrailofslip—aswellasthemanyburialceramicsproducedinimitationofvesselsmadeinmaterialsofhigherintrinsicvalue.4.Whichoft