saej2574v001燃料电池汽车技术

SAETechnicalStandardsBoardRulesprovidethat:“ThisreportispublishedbySAEtoadvancethestateoftechnicalandengineeringsciences.Theuseofthisreportisentirelyvoluntary,anditsapplicabilityandsuitabilityforanyparticularuse,includinganypatentinfringementarisingtherefrom,isthesoleresponsibilityoftheuser.”SAEreviewseachtechnicalreportatleasteveryfiveyearsatwhichtimeitmaybereaffirmed,revised,orcancelled.SAEinvitesyourwrittencommentsandsuggestions.TOPLACEADOCUMENTORDER:[phone]FAX:[phone]SAEWEBADDRESS—ThisSAEInformationReportcontainsdefinitionsforhydrogenfuelcellpoweredvehicleterminology.Itisintendedthatthisdocumentbearesourceforthosewritingotherhydrogenfuelcellvehicledocuments,specifically,StandardsorRecommendedPractices.1.1Purpose—Thepurposeofthisdocumentistoprovidearecordofcommonlyusedterminologyestablishedbythetechnicalcommunityinvolvedinwritingpracticesandinformationreportsforhydrogenfuelcellpoweredvehicles.2.References2.1RelatedPublications—Thefollowingpublicationsareprovidedforinformationpurposesonlyandarenotarequiredpartofthisspecification.2.1.1ANSIPUBLICATION—AvailablefromAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute,1819LStreetNW,Washington,DC,20036.ANSIZ21.83—AmericanNationalStandardForFuelCellPoweredPlants.2.1.2JAPANELECTRICVEHICLEASSOCIATIONPUBLICATION(JEVA)—AvailablefromJapanElectricVehicleAssociation,ToranomonNSBuilding,1-22-15,Toranomon,Minato-Ku,Tokyo,105-0001,Japan.GlossaryofTermsRelatingtoFuelCellElectricVehicles,WorkingDraftdatedApril25,20012.1.3LOSALAMOSNATIONALLABORATORYPUBLICATION—AvailablefromLosAlamosNationalLaboratory,LosAlamos,NMor—FuelCells-GreenPower2.1.4U.S.FUELCELLCOUNCILPUBLICATION—AvailablefromtheU.S.FuelCellCouncil,1625KStreetNW,Suite725,Washington,DC,20006or–MovingtoMarket,FuelCellGlossary,2ndEdition–May,2000SAEJ2574IssuedMAR2002-2-2.1.5EUROPEANFUELCELLGROUPLTDPUBLICATION—AvailablefromEuropeanFuelCellGroupLtd,Pascalstraat12,2811ELReeuwijk,TheNetherlandsor—ThebasictheoryofthehydrogenfuelcellwasfirstpublishedinPhilosophicalMagazinein1839byChristianFriedrichSchonbeinintheJanuary,1839editionandbySirWilliamGroveintheFebruary,1839edition.160yearslater,thepracticalapplicationoffuelcellstogeneraltransportationneedsisclosetoreality.Afuelcellisanelectrochemicalconversiondevicethatconvertsahydrogenfuelandairintoelectricity.Asanexample,inaProtonExchangeMembraneFuelCell,humidifiedhydrogenisfedintotheanode(negativeelectrode).Aplatinumcatalystfacilitatestheseparationofthehydrogengasintotwoelectronsandtwopositivelychargedhydrogenions,orprotons.Thehydrogenionsmigrateacrosstheelectrolyte.Theelectrolyteissometimesintheformofamembranedesignedsuchthatitcannotconductelectrons,therefore,theelectronsmusttravelthroughanexternalcircuitwhichcontainsamotororotherelectricalload,whichconsumesthepowergeneratedbythefuelcell.Atthesametime,humidifiedairissuppliedtothecathode(positiveelectrode).Afterthehydrogenionsmigrateacrossthemembrane,theyarecombinedatthepositiveelectrodewiththeelectronsandhumidifiedairtoformwater.Thewateristhenemittedfromthefuelcell.Asinglefuelcellproducesonlyasmalloutput(typicallyabout0.7volts),butwhenthecellsarestackedinseries,theoutputvoltageismultipliedbythenumberofcellsstacked.Whilewaterisaproductofthefuelcellreaction,boththeairandfuelenteringthefuelcellmustbehumidified.Thisadditionalwaterkeepsthemembranehydrated.Thehumidityofthegasesmustbecarefullycontrolled,toolittlewaterinthehydrogenfuelpreventsthemembranefromconductingthehydrogenions,andtoomuchwaterintheairsuppliedtothecathodecausethecathodetoflood.Floodingofthecathodepreventstheairfromreachingthecathodecatalystsitesandformingthewatertobeemitted.4.FuelCellElectricVehicleTerminology4.1General—Termsusedtodescribethecommoncomponentsandcharacteristicsoffuelcellvehicles.4.1.1AIRUTILIZATION—Thefractionoftheoxidantthatentersthecellthatreactselectrochemically.NOTE—AlsoknownasOxygenUtilization.4.1.2AUXILIARYBATTERY—Abatteryprovidedseparatelyfromtheprimaryenergysourceforoperatinganinstrumentsuchasavehiclecontroldevice(peripheraldevices).NOTE—TheauxiliarybatteryisgenerallychargedbythepropulsionbatteryoffuelcellviaaDC-DCconverterorthelike.4.1.3CAUTIONLABEL—Alabeldisplayinginformationrelatingtocautions,warnings,anddangersforthepurposeofpreventinghazardoushandlingofthefuelcellsystem.4.1.4COLDSTART—Start-upthatoccursafterasufficientsoakatthenormalambienttemperature.NOTE—Foratestprocedure,itisrecommendedthatthesoakperiodshouldbebetween12hours(minimum)and36hours(maximum),andthatthevehicleshouldnotbestartedandshouldremaininatemperaturecontrolledareaduringthissoakperiod.4.1.5COOLANT—Afluidusedforeffectingheattransfer