雅思阅读-小标题-list-of-heading

LECTURETHREE小标题Firstthingsfirst基础较好,Listofheading则一般先做Listofheading题出现在文章前，要特别注意不要漏做在真实考试中，每个标题只用一次例子中已经选过的段落可以直接去掉注意不要写串答案3possibilitiesHeading两大解题方法：1.文章着手:抓住文章每段的主题句,（特殊：把握具体名词的所属类别）2.选项着手:A:抓住每个heading中的KEYWORDSB:判断heading的语法逻辑关系判断原则:正确的heading一般都是文章主题句的改写或浓缩替换现象十分明显1.文章具体，选项更抽象概括2.文章措辞更难Method1:查找topicsentence1.readthe1st,2ndandlastsentenceofeveryparagraphtofindthetopicsentence2.checkwhichheadingcorrespondswiththetopicsentenceFollowthefollowingprocedureThe1st,2nd&theLastSentencesTopicSentenceMainIdeaMostsuitableHeadingListofHeadingsIII主题句与支持句练习Inagrowingnumberofhotelsandskyscrapersacrossthenation,steelwallshavereplacedthefoot-thickbrickandmortarwallsonceused.Testsshowthatasteelwallfourinchesthickhasbetterinsulatingqualitiesthana12-inchthicknessofmasonry.Inaddition,steel-curtainwallpanelssavebothtimeandlabor.Andthefloorspaceconservesredbyuseofthethinwallasagainstthethickwallinabigofficebuildingcanmeanacoupleofhundreddollarsayearinrentals.Topicsentenceandsupportingdetails?Topicsentence:agrowingnumberofhotelsandskyscrapersusesteelwallsinsteadofbrick-and-mortarwalls.Supportingideas:1)Asteelwallhasbetterinsulatingproperties.2)Steelwallpanelssavetimeandlabor.3)Asteelwallconservesfloorspace.SomeShortcuts主题句一定是包含性最强的句子1.例句不是主题句2.问句不是主题句3.从句不是主题句4.明显包含细节的句子不是主题句5.however出现后看后半句6.sbbelieve/hold/imply等引导的宾从是主句7.Inspiteof/despite,看后半句8.平行关系的段落没有主题句段落主题句还可能是：定义句型：Aisdefinedas…/isknownas…Ais…/Namely/Thatis…/Thisis…ExercisesfindtopicsentencesSeeP110特例：notopicsentenceMasteryoftheme主旨＝Topic＋趋势TopicTopic是段落的中心，是整段描述的重点。Feature:1.某特定单词反复出现2.以指代词形式出现3.以同义词/近义词/同类词的形式出现1.某特定单词反复出现Animalscanmoveformplacetoplace,butplantscannot.Whenananimalisunderattack,itcanrunawayorfightback.Plantscertainlycannotrunaway,andtheylackteethandclaws.Butplantscandefendthemselvesbyusingbothphysicalandchemicalmeans.2.以指代词形式出现Tropicalfisharebecomingincreasinglypopular.Variedincolor,theyaredecorativeforhomes,officesandevenstorewindows.Therisingofsuchfishisrecommendedasarelaxinghobbyforpeopleinjobsinvolvingmuchtension.Manyhobbyistshavemademoneybybreedingthosefishvarietiesforwhichthereisaspecialdemand.3.以同义词/近义词/同类词形式出现SydneyishometothestateArtGalleryofNewSouthWales,theSateConservatoriumofMusic,theAustralianOpera,theSydneyDanceCompany,andtheAustralianBallet.Theworld-classSydneySymphonyOrchestraoffersgreatclassicalmusicallyearround.Localtheatreiscreativeandwellsupported,andlarge-scaleoverseasproductionstourregularly.特例：notopicsentence某些段落主题句不明显，是一系列细节的罗列，此时需要归纳出它们所属的类别。ParagraphC:Thereisatoasteroven,ablender,andacanopenerononecounter.Ihaveamicrowaveovenonanother.Inmycupboard,youcanfindamixerandahotairpopcornpopper.Onthefarsideofthekitchen,thereisacoffeemachineandcoffeegrinder.Heading4kitchenutensilsMoreexamplesSeeparagraphvinPage9Example:Part1Questions1–4ReadingPassage1hasfoursections,A-D.Choosethecorrectheadingforeachparagraphfromthelistofheadingsbelow.Writethecorrectnumberi-viiiinboxes1-4onyouranswersheet.Part2Part31SectionA2SectionB3SectionC4SectionDPractice1Questions1-5ThefollowingpassagetitledGovernmentRoleinEnvironmentalManagementhassixsectionsA-F.ChoosethecorrectheadingforsectionsA-DandFfromthelistofheadingsbelow.Writethecorrectnumberi-ixinboxes1-5onyouranswersheet.1.SectionA2.SectionB3.SectionC4.SectionDExampleAnswerSectionEvi5.SectionFSectionATheroleofgovernmentsinenvironmentalmanagementisdifficultbutinescapable.Sometimes,thestatetriestomanagetheresourcesitowns,anddoessobadly.Often,however,governmentsactinanevenmoreharmfulway.Theyactuallysubsidisetheexploitationandconsumptionofnaturalresources.Awholerangeofpolicies,fromfarm-pricesupporttoprotectionforcoal-mining,doenvironmentaldamageand(often)makenoeconomicsense.Scrappingthemoffersatwo-foldbonus:acleanerenvironmentandamoreefficienteconomy.Growthandenvironmentalismcanactuallygohandinhand,ifpoliticianshavethecouragetoconfrontthevestedinterestthatsubsidiescreate.MostsuitableheadingvGovernmentsandmanagementoftheenvironmentSectionBNoactivityaffectsmoreoftheearth'ssurfacethanfarming.Itshapesathirdoftheplanet'slandarea,notcountingAntarctica,andtheproportionisrising.Worldfoodoutputperheadhasrisenby4percentbetweenthe1970sand1980smainlyasaresultofincreasesinyieldsfromlandalreadyincultivation,butalsobecausemorelandhasbeenbroughtundertheplough.Higheryieldshavebeenachievedbyincreasedirrigation,bettercropbreeding,andadoublingintheuseofpesticidesandchemicalfertilisersinthe1970sand1980s.MostsuitableheadingviiFarmingandfoodoutputSectionCAlltheseactivitiesmayhavedamagingenvironmentalimpacts.Forexample,landclearingforagricultureisthelargestsinglecauseofdeforestation;chemicalfertilisersandpesticidesmaycontaminatewatersupplies;moreintensivefarmingandtheabandonmentoffallowperiodstendtoexacerbatesoilerosion;andthespreadofmonocultureanduseofhigh-yieldingvarietiesofcropshavebeenaccompaniedbythedisappearanceofoldvarietiesoffoodplantswhichmighthaveprovidedsomeinsuranceagainstpestsordiseasesinfuture.Soilerosionthreatenstheproductivityoflandinbothrichandpoorcountries.TheUnite