锅炉负荷计算校核

1目录前言................................................................3第一章锅炉设计基本特征.............................................41.1锅炉设计参数................................................41.2燃料资料....................................................41.3锅炉基本概述................................................5第二章锅炉热力计算表...............................................62.1锅炉设计辅助计算............................................6第三章炉膛热力计算................................................12第四章各种对流受热面热力计算......................................184.1屏的热力计算...............................................184.2凝渣管的热力计算...........................................234.3高温过热器的热力计算.......................................244.4低温过热器的热力计算.......................................284.5高温省煤器的热力计算.......................................314.6高温空气预热器的热力计算...................................334.7低温省煤器的热力计算.......................................374.8低温空气预热器的热力计算...................................39第五章锅炉设计汇总表..............................................41总结...............................................................44参考文献...........................................................452前言锅炉课程设计是巩固我们理论知识和提高实践能力的重要环节。它不仅使我们对锅炉原理课程的知识得以巩固、充实和提高，掌握了锅炉机组的热力计算方法，学会使用锅炉机组热力计算标准方法，并具有综合考虑锅炉机组设计与布置的初步能力；而且培养了我们查阅资料，合理选择和分析数据的能力，培养了我们严肃认真和负责的态度。我国的锅炉目前以煤为主要燃料，锅炉的结构设计和参数的设计与选择以及煤种的选择与应用等都将会对燃料效率、锅炉安全经济运行水平以及环境污染等问题有影响。因为，在锅炉设计中对锅炉的性能、结构、经济性和可靠性等方面进行各种计算，尤其是热力计算作为主要和基础的计算，为锅炉的其他计算，如水和空气动力计算、烟气阻力计算、强度计算等提供相关的重要的基础数据。3第一章锅炉设计基本特征1.1锅炉设计参数所设计的煤粉锅炉型号为：WXL-220/9.8-540/540-M62额定蒸发量：220t/h汽包压力：10.98MPa过热蒸汽出口温度：540℃过热蒸汽出口压力：9.8MPa(表压)给水温度：215℃冷风温度：20℃制粉系统：中间储仓式（热空气作干燥剂、钢球筒式磨煤机）燃烧方式：四角切圆燃烧排渣方式：固态排渣1.2燃料资料1、煤种：西山贫煤，它的成分百分比如下：2、煤的收到基成分：①碳arC67.6%②氢arH2.7%③氧arO1.8%④氮arN0.9%⑤硫arS1.3%⑥灰分arA19.7%⑦水分arM6%3、煤的干燥无灰基挥发分dafV15%44、灰熔点特性：DT=1190℃ST=1340℃FT=1450℃5、煤的可磨度1.6kmK6、煤的收到基低位发热量：kgkJQpnetar24720..1.3锅炉基本概述1、蒸汽流程汽包→顶棚管→低温对流过热器→经过一次喷水减温→屏式过热器→高温对流过热器冷段→经过二次喷水减温→高温过热器热段→汽轮机2、烟气流程炉膛→屏式过热器→高温对流过热器→低温对流过热器→高温省煤器→高温空气预热器→低温省煤器→低温空气预热器3、结构概述采用单锅筒型布置，上升烟道为燃烧室及凝渣管。水平烟道布置两级悬挂对流过热器。布置两级省煤器及两级管式空气预热器。整个炉膛全部布满水冷壁，炉膛出口凝渣管簇由锅炉后墙水冷壁延伸而成，在炉膛出口处采用由后墙水冷壁延伸构成的折焰角，以使烟气更好的充满炉膛。采用光管水冷壁。本锅炉过热器采用高温过热器在前，低温过热器在后，在两级之间有锅炉自制冷凝水喷水减温装置，由进入锅炉的给水来冷却饱和蒸汽制成凝结水，回收凝结放热量后再进入省煤器。省煤器和空气预热器采用两级配合布置，以节省受热面减少钢材消耗量。燃烧方式采用四角布置的直流燃烧器。根据煤的特性选用中速磨煤机的负压直吹系统次风。5第二章锅炉热力计算表2.1锅炉设计辅助计算（1）燃烧产物容积计算煤完全燃烧（=1）时理论空气量及燃烧产物容积计算见表2－1表2-1燃烧计算表序号项目名称符号单位（标准状况下）计算公式及数据结果1理论空气量0Vm3/kg0.0889(Car+0.375Sar)+0.265Har-0.0333Oar6.7092理论氮容积02NVm3/kg0.8Nar/100+0.79V05.3073RO2容积02ROVm3/kg1.866Car/100+0.7Sar/1001.2714理论干烟气容积0gyVm3/kgV0N2+VRO27.5175理论水蒸气容积02OHVm3/kg11.1Har/100+1.24Mar/100+1.61dkV0(dk=0.01kg/kg))0.4826飞灰份额fh查表可得0.926（2）空气平衡及焓温表烟道各处过量空气系数、各受热面的漏风系数及不同过量空气系数下燃烧产物的容积列于表2－1中，炉膛出口处过量空气系数按表2－2取。表2-2烟气特性表序号项目名称符号单位炉膛屏凝渣管高过热器低过热器高省煤器高空预器低省煤器低空预器1受热面出口过量空气系数-1.211.241.271.291.321.341.372平均过量空气系数pj-1.211.2251.2551.281.3051.331.3553干烟气容积V0gy+(αpj-1)V0gyVm3/kg7.9868.0878.2888.4568.6248.7918.9594水蒸气容积V0H2O+0.161(αpj-1)V0OHV2m3/kg0.5040.5060.50950.51220.51490.51760.52035烟气总容积Vgy+VH2OyVm3/kg8.4918.5938.79838.96879.13919.30969.48006RO2容积份额VRO2/Vy20Rr-0.1490.1470.14440.14170.13900.13650.13407水蒸气容积份额VH2O/VyOHr2-0.0590.0580.05790.05710.05630.05560.05488三原子气体和水蒸气容积总份额rRO2+rH2Or-0.2090.2060.20230.19880.19540.19210.18899容积飞灰浓度g/m321.3421.0820.59920.20719.83119.46819.11810烟气质量1-Aar/100+1.306αpjV0mykg/kg11.405011.5311.79912.01812.23712.4562.675511质量飞灰浓度αfhAar/（100my）ykg/kg0.015870.0150.01530.01500.01470.01450.01427不同过量空气系数下燃烧产物的焓温表表2-3烟气焓温表（用于炉膛、屏式过热器、高温过热器的计算）烟气或空气温度(℃)理论烟气焓理论空气焓理论烟气焓增炉膛、顶棚管高温过热器α″=1.2α″=1.225hyΔhyhyΔhy100976.33983888.47287---1162.919---1176.2462258---1004.1361192.8291206.30767332001980.476821787.009242355.748762382.5538991033.19881225.27277371238.99234333003013.675622701.647213581.021533621.54624231063.434621259.36895231273.36426184004077.110243634.667844840.390484894.9105041092.612911293.22475711307.55417485005169.723154589.962356133.615246202.46467881121.284711326.40500511341.05645486006291.007865566.725667460.020247543.52113351149.271141358.60401621373.55636457007440.2796563.548888818.624268917.0774981173.539481386.0000921401.175858008613.818487575.2660810204.624310318.2533481191.986531407.8284781423.245769009805.805018603.0848811612.452811741.4991081211.033191429.38296221444.9793745100011016.83829642.845713041.835713186.4784831228.30661450.3335731466.1926425110012245.144810700.11714492.169314652.67112581242.191465.5694991481.5251775120013487.334811763.828915957.738816134.1963031258.33351484.8971031501.0802175130014745.668312842.703217442.635917635.276521263.51691491.6866461507.984485140016009.185213929.225818934.322619143.2610051277.7191506.9454031523.3187175150017286.904215020.780120441.268020666.5797231286.10421517.1339781533.636105160018573.008416120.921921958.401922200.2158281296.47411528.1801411544.7305725170019869.482517224.28423486.582123744.94641298.61471530.4052871546.9617575180021168.097218328.048725016.987425291.9081581306.23381541.4761571558.2791825190022474.33119448.250426558.463526850.187341310.04141545.0021561