9全套美国文学精心整理的各个时期作家作品简介-Henry-Wadsworth-Longfellow

Lecture9HenryWadsworthLongfellowBy张慧[e-mail]•HenryWadsworthLongfellow•BiographicalIntroduction•MajorWorks•Analysisof–“APsalmofLife”–“TheSlave’sDream”–TheSongofHiawatha•CharacteristicsofLongfellow’spoems•EvaluationofLongfellowHenryWadsworthLongfellow(1807-1882)•Poet•Dramatist•Translator•LinguistBiographicalIntroduction(1)•FamilyBackground–BornonFeb27,1807inPortland,Maine–amonghisancestorsarepoets,lawyer,andgeneralsintheIndependenceWar•Education–wenttoschoolat3andatsixreceivedareportfromschool–AttendedBowdoinCollege(1821-1825);classmateswithHawthorneLongfellow'sChildhoodHome,Portland,MaineReportfromSchool•MasterHenryLongfellowisoneofthebestboyswehaveinschool.Hespellsandreadsverywell.Hecanalsoaddandmultiplynumbers.Hisconductlastquarterwasverycorrectandamiable.MuseumofArtAnundergraduateliberalartsinstitutionFoundedin1794Location:Brunswick,Maine•WorkingExperience–AfterGraduation,Europe,studyRomancelanguagesandliterature(1826-1829)–1829-1835,ProfessorofModernLanguagesatBowdoinCollege–1835-1836,Europe,studyGermaniclanguagesandScandinavianliterature–1836-1854,ProfessorofModernLanguagesinHarvardUniversity–1854,resignedfromHarvard,devotedintopoeticwritingwholeheartedlyBiographicalIntroduction(2)Marriage•Marriedtwice:–firstwife:MaryStorerPotter–Secondwife:FannyAppletonMaryStorerPotterLongfellowdiedofmiscarriageduringtheirsojourninEuropein1835FannyAppletonLongfellow–Marriedin1843–daughterofawealthyindustrialist–BroughtLongfellowwithwealth,domestichappiness,andanassuredentranceintothehighercircleofBoston–1861FannyAppletondiedofburnsshereceivedwhenpackagingherchildren'scurls.LongfellowNationalHistoricSiteHonorsandDeath•Followingyearsfilledwithhonors–receiveddegreesfromOxfordandCambridge–GivenaprivateaudiencebyQueenVictoria–calledbyrequestuponthePrinceofWales–chosenasamemberoftheRussianAcademyofSciencesandoftheSpanishAcademy•DiedOnMar24,1882inCambridgecity,Massachusetts•TheonlyAmericantobehonoredwithabustinthePoet’scornerofWestminsterAbbey.Longfellow'sbustinthePoet'sCornerMajorWorks•FamousPoems–1838APsalmofLife《人生礼赞》–1858TheCourtshipofMilesStandish《迈尔斯.史坦迪什求婚记》–1855TheSongofHiawatha(epicpoem)《海华沙之歌》–1847Evangeline(epicpoem)《伊凡吉琳》–1839Hyperion,ARomance(aproseromance)《海波林》•CollectionofPoems–1839VoicesoftheNight《夜吟》–1842BalladsandOtherPoems《歌谣及其他》–1842PoemsonSlavery《关于奴隶制的诗篇》•Drama–1843TheSpanishStudent–MichaelAngelo,AFragment(incomplete;publishedposthumously)•Translations–1867Dante’sDivineComedyLead-inQuestions•Haveyoueverthoughtabouthowyouwillspendyourlife?•Whatattitudeyouwilltakewhenyoumeetwithdifficultiesinyourlife?Appreciating“APsalmofLife”•Theme•FormandRhythm•WritingTechniqueTheme•Lifeisshort,butrealandearnest.•Weshouldbeactiveandoptimistictowardslife.•Actpositivelyandleavefootprintsonthesandoftimetoinspireandencouragethefollowingdescendants.•…FormandRhythm•Form–9quatrains(4-linestanza)•Rhythm–trochaictetrameter–withtherhymeof“abab”runningineachstanzaWritingTechnique•Rhythmicalbeautywithstrongmusicaleffect•useoffiguresofspeech:simile;metaphorTheSlave’sDream•MainIdea–aslave,whointoxicatedhimselfinadreamofthepasthappytimeswhenhehadfreedomanddignityasaking,diedinhisdream•Theme–Poemonslavery–Theslaves’painfulsuffering•Form–8sestets(6-linestanza)•Rhythm–Iambic–onlyevenlinesarerhymedTheSongofHiawatha•ThefirstlongpoemdepictingtheAmericanIndiansinthehistoryofAmericanliterature•basedonAmericanIndianlegendsandwritteninFinnishfolkmeter•Form:anepicpoem(22chaptersinall)introchaictetrameter•MainCharacter-Hiawatha–Indianlegendaryfigure–Hero:intelligent,powerful,kind-hearted,wiseleaderCharacteristicsofLongfellow'spoems•Form:traditionalbutvariouslyric–Hexameter(六部格),freeverse–Anapestic(抑抑扬格)andtrochaicforms–blankverse,heroiccouplets–balladsandsonnets•Musicality–melody-like•Theme–obviousthemeswhichappealtoallkindsofpeople–Joyousness;aspiritofoptimismandfaithinthegoodnessoflife•Tone:didacticEvaluationofLongfellow•Oneofthemostpopularandwidely-readpoetsinthe19thAmerica•MadeagreatcontributiontoAmericanliterature–domesticatingclassicalEuropeanmeters–adaptationsandtranslationofpopularballads–thefirstofAmericanwriterstousenativethemes•Americansceneandlandscape;theAmericanIndians–TheSongofHiawatha•Americanhistoryandtradition–TheCourtshipofMilesStandish;Evangeline•Criticizedbyothersasimitatingandlackofvitality