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1UnitOneLegalSystemListeningI.cadabII.statutes,constitutions,cite,interpreted,civil,cases,liability,created,modified,repealedTextA.BuildingupyourvocabularyI.MatchtheitemsinthefollowingtwocolumnsA-civillawb-codec-validityd-jurisdictione-clusterf-decreeg-codificationh-statutei-parliamentj-legislatureII.Fillintheblanks:1.subdivision2.maxim3.federal4.enforcement5.statutes6.precedent7.Legislation8.Staredecisis9.legal,legal10.judicial,judicialClozeDocumentslawsuittrialattorneysadvisors,ClientsjuriesalternativepracticerepresentationTranslation1.根据美国宪法，联邦政府分为行政、立法和司法三大部门，每个部门都被认为是独立的，并且能够相互制衡。2.通常有三类案件可以到达最高法院，即：牵涉到诉讼当事人分属不同的州的案件，牵涉到解释联邦法案的案件和解释美国宪法的案件。3.大律师事务所的律师平均收入最高；他们常常代理那些最有钱且最有社会地位的当事人；而且同高层次的法官和政府官员有着密切的联系。个人执业者和小律师事务所的律师收入最低，代理那些既没钱又没社会地位的当事人，而且主要同最低级别的法院和行政机构打交道。4.州立大学的法学院倾向于集中在一些传统的法律课程上：契约、侵权行为、宪法、诉讼程序、财产、遗嘱、信托与遗产、公司、合伙、代理、国际法、海商法、劳动法、行政法；私立法学院由于规模略小且师生人数比例一般较大，故有条件开设品种更多的课程，在新的、开拓中的领域尤其如此。这些私立法学院的课程目录中都列有诸如精神病学与法学、法学与社会学、城市法、贫困法、环境法、城市财政、土地规划等方面的课程或研讨班。5.英美法系的法官比起他们大陆法系的同行们来威信更高，其部分原因在于人们一般都觉得只有较优秀的律师才能当得上法官。尽管任命和遴选有其政治背景，这一结论恐怕还是大致符合实际情况的。TextBCheckYourUnderstanding.21.T2.F3.F4.T5.F6.T7.T8.F9.F10.TBuildingupyourvocabulary.I.Givethecorrespondingtranslationofeachofthefollowingterms.EnglishChinesejurisdiction司法权writofcertiorari诉讼文件[案卷]调取令session开庭Circuitcourt巡回法庭ClaimsCourt求偿法院petition诉状arbiter仲裁者felony重罪AppellateCourts上诉法院conviction定罪misdemeanors轻罪II.PutthefollowingtermsintoChinese.Probateorsurrogate’scourts遗嘱检验法庭juvenilecourts少年法庭TaxCourt税务法院CourtofInternationalTrade国际贸易法院BankrupcyCourts破产法院appellatecourt巡回法院AttorneyGeneral司法部长CourtofMilitaryAppeals军事上诉法院TheCorutofVeteransAppeals退伍军人上诉法院Trialcourt受理法院Translation1.TheNationalPeople'sCongress(NPC)isthehighestinstitutionofstatepowerandtogetherwithitspermanentbody---theStandingCommitteeoftheNPC,exercisesthelegislativepowerofthestate.2.TheNPCStandingCommittee'spoweroflegislationisnotwithoutrestraints.ComparedwiththelegislativepoweroftheNPC,theStandingCommitteemaynotamendtheConstitution.Butitisauthorized:(1)tointerprettheConstitutionandsuperviseitsenforcement;(2)toenactandamendlaws,withtheexceptionofthosewhichshouldbeenactedbytheNPC;(3)topartiallysupplementandamend,whentheNPCisnotinsession,lawsenactedbytheNPCprovidedthatthebasicprinciplesoftheselawsarenotcontravened;(4)tointerpretlaws.3.Inaccordancewiththestructureofthelawmakingpowers,Chineselawcanbedividedintofourlevels,i.e.,theConstitution,lawsadoptedbytheNPCanditsStandingCommittee,administrativeregulationsadoptedbytheStateCouncilandlocalregulationsbythepeople'scongressesofprovinces,autonomousregionsandcities.34.GenerallawsincludetheConstitution,theGeneralPrinciplesofCivilLaw,theCivilProcedureLaw,andtheCriminalLawetc.Speciallegislationincludelegislationdealingwithforeigninvestments,suchastheJointVentureLaw,theWhollyForeign-ownedEnterprisesLaw,theForeignEconomicContractLaw,andlegislationgoverningmatterssuchasregistrationofbusiness,laborandmanagement,taxation,exchangecontrol,financialmatters,customsdutiesetc.UnitTwoCONSTITUTIONALLAWListeningI.Spotdictation.Declaration,human,political,assume,nature,impel,self-evident,Creator,unalienable,institute,Prudence,abolishing,throwoff,usurpationsII.Compounddictation.afundamentalrighttherighttobeleftalonenoexplicitguaranteeofprivacyintheConstitutionsourceofprivacysecuredbytheFirstAmendmentunreasonablesearchesandseizuresTEXTABuildingupyourvocabularyI.Matchtheitemsinthefollowingtwocolumns.1.k2..g3.b4.f5.j6.l7.h8.a9.e10.d11.c12.iII.Fillintheblanks1.ascertaining,2.statutoryinterpretation.3.prolixity,areadysolution4.powerofthepurse,commander-in-chief5.checksandbalances6.unreasonablesearchesandseizures7.standing8.eliminationofracialdiscrimination,accommodation,badgesofservitude4Clozecommitment,majority,Tothatend,.ademocraticsociety,Litigants,preferentialtreatment,strictneutrality,attaxpayerexpense,violating,statelegislatures,ruledTranslation任何人恶意或故意地以过高或异常的噪音，以喧闹或无理的行为，以威胁、诽谤、争吵、挑衅、斗殴行为扰乱周围地区或个人的宁静或平静；或在非自治乡镇的街道或公路上为赌博或娱乐进行赛马，在这样的乡镇开枪，在妇女儿童面前或可听到的范围内大声使用粗俗、亵渎、或不雅的语言，均构成轻罪。经由有资格管辖的法院判决，应处以不超过200元的罚金，或不超过90天的县监狱监禁，或者可并处罚金与监禁，或由法院自由裁量，二择其一。TEXTBCheckyourunderstanding1．T2．F3．T4．T5．F6．F7．F8．T9．T10．F11．F12．TBuildingupyourvocabularyI.GivetheEnglishVersiontothefollowinglegalterms.EnglishChineseFreedomofspeech,press,andassembly言论、出版、与集会自由Rightofprivacy隐私权Racialdiscrimination种族歧视Therighttotrialbyjury接受陪审团审判的权利Judicialreview司法审查Minorityright少数民族的权利Righttolegalequality平等权racialdiversity种族的多样性Freedomofreligiousexercise宗教信仰自由Righttocounsel/anattorney聘请律师辩护的权利5Unlawfuldetention,deprivation,orrestriction非法拘禁、剥夺或者限制Civilrights公民权利personaldignity人格尊严constitutionality合宪性suffrage选举权；投票权privilegeagainstself-incrimination反对自我归罪的权利association,processionanddemonstration结社、游行、示威权TheBillofRights权利法案unlawfulsearchofthepersonofcitizens非法搜查公民的身体amendment修正案2.PutthefollowingtermsintoChinese:directdemocracy直接民主checksandbalances相互制衡votingqualifications投票资格amendingprocessoftheConstitution宪法的修正程序dueprocess正当程序therighttobeararms持枪权thedoctrineofconstitutionalsupremacy宪法至上原则processofimpeachment弹劾程序personalstake个