12019高考高考英语语法连词精讲(附答案)连词是虚词,不能在句中单独担任成分,只起连接作用。按其用法,连词可分为两大类:并列连词(CoordinateConjunctions)和从属连词(SubordinateConjunctions)。一.并列连词:连接具有并列关系的词、短语或句子。1.并列关系:and,notonly…butalso…,both…and…,neither…nor…IusedtoliveinParisandLondon.BothJaneandJimareinterestedinfishing.Theweatherhereisneithertoocoldnortoohot.Sheisnotonlykindbutalsohonest.2.转折关系:but,yet,while(然而),when(然而,偏偏)Thecarisveryoldbutitrunsveryfast.Theproblemwasalittlehard,yetIwasabletoworkitout.ThewinterinBeijingisverycoldwhilethatofKunmingiswarm.Whydidyouborrowthebookwhenyouhadone?3.选择关系:or,not…but…,either…or…,Wouldyouliketoliveorwouldyouliketostay?Heisnotateacherbutawriter.YoucancomeeitheronSaturdayoronSunday.4.因果关系:forItmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswetnow.Theleavesofthetreesarefalling,forit’salreadyautumn.5.区别(1)and和or1)并列结构中,or通常用于否定句,and用于肯定句。2)但有时and也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点:Thereisnoairorwaterinthemoon.Thereisnoairandnowateronthemoon.在否定中并列结构用or连接,但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构,因此要用and。典型例题---Idon’tlikechicken___fish.---Idon’tlikechicken,___Ilikefishverymuch.A.and;andB.and;butC.or;butD.or;and答案C。否定句中表并列用or,but表转折。判断改错:(错)Wewilldiewithoutairandwater.(错)Wecan’tlivewithoutairorwater.(对)Wewilldiewithoutairorwater.(对)Wecan’tlivewithoutairandwater.(2)表示选择的并列结构21)or意思为否则。Imustworkhard,orI’llfailintheexam.2)either…or意思为或者……或者……。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。EitheryouorIamright.(3)表示转折或对比1)but表示转折,while表示对比。Somepeoplelovecats,whileothershatethem.典型例题---Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?---I’dliketo,___I’mtoobusy.A.andB.soC.asD.but答案D。but与前面形成转折,符合语意。而表并列的and,结果的so,原因的as都不符合句意。2)not…but…意思为不是……而是……not和but后面的用词要遵循一致原则。Theywerenotthebonesofananimal,but(thebones)ofahumanbeing.(4)表原因关系1)for判断改错:(错)Forheisill,heisabsenttoday.(对)Heisabsenttoday,forheisill.for是并列连词,不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首,只能将其放在两个分句中间。2)so,thereforeHehurthisleg,sohecouldn’tplayinthegame.注意:a.两个并列连词不能连用,但therefore,then,yet.可以和并列连词连用。YoucanwatchTV,and/oryoucangotobed.Hehurthisleg,andso/andthereforehecouldn’tplayinthegame.b.although…yet…,但although不与but连用。(错)Althoughhewasweak,buthetriedhisbesttodothework..(对)Althoughhewasweak,yethetriedhisbesttodothework.(5)注意:notonly…butalso关联两个分句时,一个分句因有否定词not而必须倒装。Notonlydoeshelikereadingstories,butalsohecanevenwritesome.neither…nor意思为既不……也不……谓语动词采用就近原则,与nor后的词保持一致。(6)比较so和such其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,so是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词。so还可与表示数量的形容词many,few,much,little连用,形成固定搭配。so+adj.such+a(n)+n.so+adj.+a(n)+n.such+n.(pl.)so+adj.+n.(pl.)such+n.(pl.)so+adj.+n.[不可数]such+n.[不可数]3sofoolishsuchafoolsoniceaflowersuchaniceflowersomany/fewflowerssuchniceflowerssomuch/littlemoney.suchrapidprogresssomanypeoplesuchalotofpeoplesomany已成固定搭配,alotof虽相当于many,但alotof为名词性的,只能用such搭配。so…that与such…that之间的转换即为so与such之间的转换。二.从属连词:指在复合句中引导从句的连结词。常见的从属连词有:引导时间状语从句的:after,before,when,as,while,since,until,till,assoonas引导原因状语从句的:because,since,as引导让步状语从句的:although,though,nomatter(无论),evenif(though)引导条件状语从句的:if,unless,once,as(so)longas引导结果状语从句的:so,sothat,so…that…,such…that…引导目的状语从句的:so,sothat…,inorderthat…引导比较状语从句的:as…as…,notso(as),as,than引导方式状语从句的:as,asif…,asthough引导地点状语从句的:where,wherever引导名词性从句(主语,宾语、表语或同位语从句)的连词主要有:that,whether,if三个。其中that和whether间或还可以引起同位从句和状语从句。(一)某些用法比较特殊的从属连词用法区别1、当while,when,as引导时间状语从句时的区别:①while引导的状语从句中动词必须是延续性。谓语动词多为进行时,或状态动词的一般时。while的这些用法可用when代替,等于“atthetimethat”,“duringthetimethat”。例如:Pleasekeepquietwhile(when)othersarestudying;②when除可指一段时间外,还可用来指一点时间,等于“atthetime”,when引出的时间状语从句中的谓语动词可以是终止性的,也可以是延续性的。因此主句和从句的谓语可以是一般时,进行时,或完成时。例如:WhenIwentintothelab,theteacherwasdoinganexperiment.(不能用while)HeoftenmakesmistakeswhenheisspeakingEnglish.(when可换成while)③as常可与when,while通用,但强调“一边、一边”。例如:As(when,while)Iwaswalkingdownthestreet,Inoticedapolicecarinfrontofnumber37.④when引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致,主、谓是“主语+系动词”结构时,这时主语和系动词可以省略。例如:When(hewas)young,heworkedforarichman.She’llbeheretogiveyouhelpwhen(ifitis)necessary.⑤when有时代替if,引导条件句,意为“如果”、“假如”,例如:I’llcomewhen(if)I’mfree.2、before作连词一般表示时间,意为“在…之前”,但有些句子中这样译就显得别扭。试看以下句子的翻译:Healmostknockedmedownbeforehesawme.他几乎把我撞倒才看见我;BeforeIcouldgetinawordhehadmeasuredme.我还没来得及插话,他已经给我量好了尺寸。3、till,until作为介词式从属连词引导时间状语短语或状语从句,用于否定句时,结构为not…until(till),主句谓语动词延续与非延续4皆可,意为“直到…才…”。用于肯定句时,只与延续性动词连用,表示“到…为止”。例如:Theyplayedvolleyballuntil(till)itgotdark.Theydidn’ttalk(延续)until(till)theinterpreter(译员)came.Hedidn’tgotobed(非延续)until(till)thehisfathercameback.;until可以放在句首,till则不行,例如:Untilthelastminuteofthematchwekeptonplaying.Notuntilhefinishedhisworkdidhegohome.(倒装);till,until只用于时间,以下句子是错误的:Wewalkedtilltheedgeoftheforest.(要用asfaras或to)。4、because,since,as引导原因状语时注意使用上的区别:①如果原因构成句子的最主要部分,一般用because,因此because引导的从句往往放在句末。用why提问的句子,一定用because回答。例如:Hehadtostayathomeyesterdaybecausehewasill.;②如原因已为人们所知,或不如句子的其他部分重要,就用as,或since。since比as更正式些。as和since引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。例如:Asyouaretired,youhadbetterrest./Sinceeveryoneishere,nowlet’sbegin.5、although和though引导让步状语从句往往用法一样,但注意以下区别:①although用于各种文体,而though则多用于非正式的口语或书面语中。注意由although,though引导的从句后,主句不能用but,但可用副词yet,still。例如:Although/Thoughitrainedallthemorning,theystillwentonworking.(或yettheywentonworking)②though常与even连用,eventhough表示强调,意为“即使”,但不能说evenalthough,例如:EventhoughIdidn’tun