明考向·模式解读专题六阅读七选五新高考命题分析命题规律作为浙江新高考的阅读七选五,短文的体裁多为事理说明文,针对某个问题或现象加以说明,然后提出合理的解决方法、应对措施。文章层次分明,逻辑性强,属于综合能力考查,有一定难度。解题策略步骤1速读全文,提炼主题快速浏览文章,重点关注要点词句,包括首尾段、首尾句、独立成段的句子和文中带衔接词的句子等,大致了解文章主题,并简要把握文章布局。特别注意段落间的关系。解题策略步骤2边读边做,确定选项(1)从意思上判断明确各选项的大意,抓牢各句的关键词和复现词。边读边做题,重点阅读各个空格前后的句子,圈定线索词,推断5个设空处应填句子的意思。然后从选项中寻找匹配的答案。解题策略(2)从词汇上锁定①衔接词汇衔接词汇可以反映上下文关系。常见的有:表并列的and,or,ononehand...ontheotherhand等;表转折的though,instead,otherwise,nevertheless,however等;表递进的besides,moreover等;表因果的therefore,so等。解题策略②代词代词用于指代前面提及的名词或形容词。做题时,可通过代词在句中所作的成分和代词的单复数推断出它指代的成分,巧妙利用这样的指代关系准确而快速地从选项中找到答案。解题策略③疑问词如果选项中或设空处前出现疑问词,一定要认真研读,因为针对不同疑问词的回答方式是不一样的。比如对why的回答,一般要有because等表示原因的词;对when的回答,一般要有表示时间的词;对where的回答,一般要有表示地点的词;对how的回答,一般要有表示方式或程度的词等。解题策略④复现词英语文章中前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用,因此在解题时,要格外留意某一词语可能以不同的词性、数、格、时态等形式复现,如read,reading,reader,readers等,这是解题时一个很好的判断依据。解题策略步骤3通读复检,确定排除将所选答案代入文中,再次通读全文,重点检查逻辑关系。研究多余选项,确定排除理由,最终敲定答案。模式1|设空在段首考查要点(1)小标题或段落主题句:如章首或段首设空,一般考查文章或段落主题。(2)注释小标题:如在小标题之后接着设空,一般是对小标题加以注释。(3)段落间的过渡句:如首段之后的段首设空,一般是考查承上启下的过渡语句。1.小标题、副标题[考题回放](2016·全国甲卷)17Somepeoplemaythinkthatagardenisnomorethanplants,flowers,patternsandmassesofcolor.Othersareconcernedaboutusinggardeningmethodsthatrequirelesswaterandfewerfertilizers(肥料).18.Stillothersmaysimplyenjoybeingoutdoorsandclosetoplants.However,thereareanumberofotherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden.Oneofthemcomesfromourearliestyears.A.Knowwhyyougarden[思路分析]由该空所在位置可知这是一个小标题。由其后内容“有些人可能认为花园……,有些人关心……。然而,还有很多其他原因……”可知本段的主题应该是A项“知道你为什么要做园艺工作”。2.主题句、主要观点[考题回放](2016·北京高考)75Fortheriskseekers,apartofthebrainrelatedtopleasurebecomesactive,whilefortherestofus,apartofthebrainrelatedtofearbecomesactive.G.Newbrainresearchsuggestsourbrainsworkdifferentlywhenwefaceanervoussituation.[思路分析]由空格后句子Fortheriskseekers...whilefortherestofus...“对于爱冒险者……而对于我们其他人……”可断定本段主题为“新的大脑研究表明,当我们面临紧张局势时,我们的大脑工作方式不同”。3.段落过渡语句[考题回放](2016·全国丙卷)Everyoneknowsthatfishisgoodforhealth.36.Thefatsinfisharethoughttohelppreventheartdisease.Butitseemsthatmanypeopledon'tcookfishathome.Americanseatonlyaboutfifteenpoundsoffishperpersonperyear,butweeattwiceasmuchfishinrestaurantsasathome.Buying,storing,andcookingfishisn'tdifficult.37.Itjustrequiresalittleknowledge.Thistextisabouthowtobuyandcookfishinaneasyway.38Freshfishshouldsmellsweet:youshouldfeelthatyou'restandingattheocean'sedge.Anyfishyorstrongsmellmeansthefishisn'tfresh.39.Donotbuyit.Whenyouhaveboughtafishandarrivehome,you'dbetterstorethefishintherefrigeratorifyoudon'tcookitimmediately,butfreshfishshouldbestoredinyourfridgeforonlyadayortwo.Frozenfishisn'tastastyasthefreshone.F.Whenbuyingfish,youshouldfirstsmellit.[思路分析]空格内的句子承上启下,前一段的最后一句说“这篇文章是关于如何轻松地买鱼和烹饪鱼的”,下一段介绍的是买鱼时的注意事项。根据空格后的Freshfishshouldsmellsweet可判定选F,句意为“买鱼时,你应该先闻一闻”。A(2016·全国乙卷)Secretcodes(密码)keepmessagesprivate.Banks,companies,andgovernmentagenciesusesecretcodesindoingbusiness,especiallywheninformationissentbycomputer.Peoplehaveusedsecretcodesforthousandsofyears.1Codebreakingneverlags(落后)farbehindcodemaking.Thescienceofcreatingandreadingcodedmessagesiscalledcryptography.Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography.2Forexample,thefirstlettersof“Myelephanteatstoomanyeels”spelloutthehiddenmessage“Meetme.”3Youmightrepresenteachletterwithanumber,forexample.Let'snumberthelettersofthealphabet,inorder,from1to26.Ifwesubstituteanumberforeachletter,themessage“Meetme”wouldread“135520135.”Acodeusessymbolstoreplacewords,phrases,orsentences.Toreadthemessageofarealcode,youmusthaveacodebook.4Forexample,“bridge”mightstandfor“meet”and“out”mightstandfor“me.”Themessage“Bridgeout”wouldactuallymean“Meetme.”5However,itisalsohardtokeepacodebooksecretforlong.Socodesmustbechangedfrequently.A.Itisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutthecodebook.B.Inanylanguage,somelettersareusedmorethanothers.C.Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.D.Aslongastherehavebeencodes,peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.E.Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.F.Withacodebook,youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords.G.Anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet.本文是一篇说明文。人们用密码来传递信息已有几千年历史。设置密码与破解密码的斗争也是永久不变的话题。1.D[句间过渡性语句。空格前一句说“人们使用密码已有几千年了”,空格后又说“破解密码从不远远落后于设置密码”,由此语境可知选D项“只要有过的密码,人们就试图破解”。]2.E[前句说有三种密码,空格内应是介绍第一种。由该空的后一句可知,此空选E(你可以拼写每个单词的首字母来隐藏信息)。]3.G[段落主题句,也是段间过渡性语句。前一段作者说有三种主要类型的密码学并介绍了第一种,根据逻辑关系可推知,本段应介绍第二种。]4.F[句间过渡性语句。通过对前面的进一步解释和后面的例证得出正确答案。空格前说“要读取真正代码的信息,你必须要有一个密码本”,由acodebook可锁定F项中的Withacodebook。F项“有了密码本,你可以写下代表其他单词的单词”符合上下文语境。]5.A[分析语境可知,该空仍然在谈论密码本的事情,由此可锁定A项“没有密码本很难破解密码”,这与后一句“但是,长期保持密码本的秘密也很难”语意衔接紧密,可确定为答案。]B(2016·长春检测)Happinessistheonlytruemeasureofpersonalsuccess.Makingotherpeoplehappyisthehighestexpressionofsuccess.6Withthatinmind,herearesomesuggestionsthatwillimmediatelyincreasetheamountofhappinessinyourlife:7Ifthere'sanybigtruthaboutlife,it'sthatitusuallylivesuptoyourexpectations.Therefore,whenyourisefrombed,makeyourfirstthought:“Somethingwonderfulisgoingtohappentoday.”Guesswhat?You'reprobablyright.Taketimetoplanandprioritize(优先处理).Themostcommonsourceofstressisthethoughtthatyou'vegottoomuchworktodo.Ratherth