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高三英语专项复习之虚拟语气语法ThedefinitionoftheSubjunctiveMood虚拟语气的定义•虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式(verbstructure),用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实(fact)，而只是一种假设(hypotheses)愿望(wishes)、建议(suggestion)或怀疑(doubt)等等。虚拟语气的知识点•1.虚拟语气在条件句中•1)“表示不太可能出现的情况”,条件从句一般用过去时,主句用woulddo,shoulddo或might/coulddo.•2)表示“本可能发生却未发生的事情”,条件从句用过去完成时,主句用wouldhavedone,shouldhavedone,might/couldhavedone.e.g.1.Theoldmenwouldfinditdifficulttogetajobiftheyleftthefarm.2.Ishouldbesurprisedifitwaslessthanfivepounds.3.IfIfrightenedthosebirds,theymightflyoffandIwouldneverseethemagain.4.IfIwereyou,Iwouldaccepttheoffer.5.IfIwereaskedtodefinemymood,I’dsay“bored”.6.Ifhehadtakenhisdoctor’sadvice,hemightnothavediedsosoon.7.Ifhehadrealizedthat,hewouldhaverunawaywhiletherewasstilltime.8.Ifshehadnotmarried,shecouldhavebecomespecialinthefiled.虚拟语气的知识点•2.虚拟语气在条件句也可用来表示“将来不太可能出现的情况”,条件从句用shoulddo,weretodo或一般过去时,主句用woulddo,shoulddo,could/mightdo.e.g.1.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,thesportsmeetwouldhavetobeputoff.2.IcouldseethesurfaceofthemoonwithmyowneyesifIweretogotothemoonsomeday.3.Whatwouldyoudoifhefailedtocometomorrow?•注意:含有should的条件句,主句可以用一般现在时或一般将来时.e.g.1.Ifthereshouldbeanotherflood,whatshallwedo?2.Askhertoleaveamessageifsheshouldcome.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法总结从句主句与现在事实相反If+主语+动词过去式（be动词一律用were)主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形与过去事实相反If+主语+had+过去分词主语+would/should/could/might+have+过去分词与将来事实相反动词的过去式或should/wereto+动词原形主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形虚拟语气的知识点•3.在正式英语文体中,if从句中的第一个动词如果是should,were或had,可将此动词置于句首,替代if．e.g.1.Wereitalltrue,itwouldstillnotexcusetheiractions.2.Hadthecaptainbeenmorecareful,hisshipwouldnothavesunk.3.Shouldanyvisitorscome,Iwouldsayyouarenothere.虚拟语气的知识点•4.虚拟语气用于Iwish…的宾语从句中:表示现在时间,动词用一般过去时和过去进行时(be动词用were/was)。•表示过去时间,动词用过去完成时和过去完成进行时。•表示将来时间,动词用would/could等+动词原形。e.g.1.IwishIknewhowtooperatethiscomputer.2.Iwishheweren’tsolazy.3.Idowisheverythingwouldbeasquietasbefore.4.Iwishwehadn’tbeenworkingovertimeyesterday.注意:这里Iwish…所表达的意思与ifonly…差不多。以上的句子都可以用ifonly来代替Iwishe.g.5.IfonlyIknewhowtooperatethiscomputer.6.Ifonlywehadn’tbeenworkingovertimeyesterday.虚拟语气的知识点•5.在asif/though…的状语从句中，常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反用过去式(did/were)；与过去事实相反用过去完成式(haddone)；与将来事实相反用would/might/could+doe.g.•1.Theteachertreatsthepupilasifhewereherownchild.•2.Ifeltasthoughwehadknowneachotherforyears.•3.Itlooksasifitmightrain.虚拟语气的知识点•6.在would(had)rather(宁愿)…的宾语从句中，也常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反用过去时(did/were)；与过去事实相反用过去完成时(haddone)；与将来事实相反用过去式(did/were)e.g.•1.Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.•2.Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.•3.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.从句动词的虚拟语气形式1.wish引导的宾语从句2.asif/though引导的状语从句1.与现在事实相反：过去式(be常用were)2.与过去事实相反：had+done3.与将来事实相反：would/could/might+dowouldrather引导的宾语从句1.与现在/将来事实相反：过去式(be常用were)2.与过去事实相反：had+done虚拟语气在wish,wouldrather,asif/though…从句中的用法总结虚拟语气的知识点•7.表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词demand,require,suggest,insist,advise,order等后接宾语从句时,从句谓语动词一般用虚拟语气,即should+动词原形(do/bedone),should也可以省略．e.g.1.HeinsistedthatJohn(should)dothejob.2.Wesuggestthatthemeeting(should)notbepostponed.3.Theuniondemandedthatthewages(should)beraisedby20%.•ask(要求),advise(建议),command(命令),decide(决定),demand(要求),insist(坚持),move(提议),order(命令),propose(提出),require(要求),request(请求),suggest(建议),urge(主张)•如果这些动词不是表示“要求、建议、命令”等意思时,这时宾语从句一般不用虚拟语气。e.g.1.HeinsistedthatIwaswrong.(这儿insist意思是“坚持认为”）2.Theexpressiononherfacesuggeststhatsheknowsthesecret.(这儿suggest意思是“表明”）常见的要含有上述相关意义的词•注意：如suggest,insist用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时，宾语从句用陈述语气。•1.Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybodyobeytherules.•2.Heinsistedthatshewasseriouslyillandthatbesendtohospitalsatonce.•3.Hesuggestedthatwehaveameetingatonce.•4.Hispalefacesuggestedthathewasill.虚拟语气的知识点•8.在“Itisadj.或动词的-ed形式+that....”的主语从句中，谓语动词用：should+原形e.g.•一、表示建议或命令1.Itisimportantthatwe(should)workoutastudyplan.•二、表示惊讶1.Itisstrangethatheshouldhavefailedtoseehisownshortcomings.2.ItisapityshamethatIshouldbeatschoolinsteadoflyinghereinhospital.常见的要接含有虚拟语气主语从句的词•adj.：important,necessary,urgent,essential,vital,natural,strange,proper等•动词的-ed形式：arranged,suggested,ordered,required,desired,demanded,proposed等1.Itisnecessarythattheprogram(should)beloadedintothecomputer.有必要把程序输入电脑。2.Itisstrangethatheshouldhavelearnedsomuchinsuchashorttime.很奇怪他竟然在如此短的时间内学了那么多的东西。虚拟语气的知识点•9.ifonly和supposing,也可以引导虚拟从句，即表示与现在事实相反用过去时(did/were)；与过去事实相反用过去完成时(haddone)；与将来事实相反用过去式(did/were)．e.g.1.IfonlyIhadmoretime,Icouldgotheretohelpthem.2.Supposingitwerefinetomorrow,wouldyougoclimbingthemountainwithus?虚拟语气的知识点•10.Ifitwerenot（同现在事实相反）/hadnotbeenfor（同过去事实相反）…也是常见的虚拟句型,意思是“要不是……”e.g.1.Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,wewouldnothaveachievedsomuchinourwork.2.Ifitwerenotforthewisedecision,wecouldnotbelivingahappylife.虚拟语气的知识点•11.It’s(about/high)time+从句，表示“该做而未做的事”,是一种婉转的建议,从句中的动词用过去时(did/were)或(should+do)。注：should不能省。e.g.1.Itishightimewebegantowork.2.It’sabouttimetheboylearnedtobehavehimself.3.We’veenjoyedtheevening,butit’stimeweshouldgohome.虚拟语气还需要的知识点•一、错综时间条件句•当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要依据它所表示的时间来调整。e.g.•Ifyouhadtakenthemedicineyesterday,youmightbewellnow.(条件句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。)•如果你昨天吃了药,你的病今天也许就好了。虚拟语气的注意事项•二、含蓄条件句•有些句子虽不含条件句，但意思和含条件句的句子差不多，这种句子叫含蓄条件句，这种句子中也用虚拟语气。含蓄条件句的“暗含”之意一般用以下三种方法来表达：•1.条件暗含在短语中