时态呼应

时态的呼应•某些从句(主要是宾语从句)中谓语动词的时态,常受主句中谓语动词的时态的影响,这种现象叫做时态的呼应.如果主句中谓语动词为现在时将来时,从句中谓语动词可以用任何所需的时态.Youknow/haveknown/willknowthatJacklives/willliveinLondon.lived/haslivedinLondonfor5years.•如果主句中谓语动词为过去时,从句中谓语动词一般要用过去时.分为三种情况:•1)IlearnedfromhisletterthathewasinSpain.•MyfriendtoldmethathewasstudyingFrench.如果从句和主句中的谓语动词的动作同时发生,从句要用一般过去时或过去进行时.但如果从句内容为不受时间限制的普遍真理或目前已存在的客观事实,则仍用一般现在时.Myteachertoldmethattheearthmovesaroundtheearth.HesaidthatLondonisagreatcity.•2)Hesaidthathehadpostedtheletter.•IknewthathehadleftforBeijingtwohourbefore.如果从句中的谓语动词的动作发生在主句中的谓语动词的动作之前,从句要用过去完成时.3)Theydidn'tknowwhentheywouldvisittheGreatWall.Hesaidthathewouldbewaitingformeathishouseat7:30tomorrowafternoon.如果从句中的谓语动词的动作发生在主句中的谓语动词的动作之后,从句要用过去将来时或过去将来进行时.•除宾语从句外,主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句也都遵循上述时态呼应的规律.•Iamafraidthatyoudon'tseemypoint.•Thatiswhywedecidedtoputoffthemeeting.•ItwasknowntoallofusthatProfLiplayedakeyroleintheresearch.ThenewsthattheChineseteamwonthegamegotaround.简单句各谓语间的时态呼应:Everysummerwegototheseasideandswimintheseathere.•MrWanggotup,hadbreakfastandwenttowork.当简单句包含两个或两个以上的谓语时,这些谓语通常要用相同的时态.并列句各分句间谓语动词的时态呼应:Someofhissuggestionshavebeenadopted,butothershavebeenturneddown.Hehadpromisedtomeetmeatthegate,buthedidn'tturnup.各分句同时发生用相同的时态;不同时发生用不同的时态.定语从句从句随主句的时态呼应•如果定语从句中的谓语动词的动作与主句中的谓语动词的动作同时发生,定语从句与主句用相同的时态,如果不同时发生就用不同的时态.Sheistheonlypersonwhoknowsmewell.ThebookIneededwasnotinthelibrary.DoyouknowthemanwhocametoseeTomyesterday?IhavelostthemoneythayIwithdrew(支取)fromthebankthismorning.状语从句从句随主句的时态呼应•如果状语从句中的谓语动词的动作与主句中的谓语动词的动作同时发生,状语从句与主句用相同的时态,如果不同时发生就用不同的时态.EverytimeIhaveacold,Ihaveabadheadache.Wheneverweseehim,wespeaktohim.Whereverhegoes,hetakeshispetdogwithhim.注意:everytime,whenever,wherever引导时间,地点状语从句时,状语从句与主句往往都用一般现在时,表示反复发生的动作.主将从现ThemonmentIsawhim,Iknewthattherewasnohope.Lucywasworriedbecauseshehadn'theardfromherparentsforalongtime.I'llphoneherafterIarrivethere.但是:Ifyouwillcookthedinner,Iwilldowashingup.如果你愿意作饭,我将洗碗.