特朗普现象简析

WhiteHouseCorrespondents'AssociationIn1914,somereportsinresponsetomembersoftheU.S.CongresswouldchoosewhichjournalistparticipatedintheUnitedStatesPresidentWoodrow-Wilson'spressconferencewouldbeagroundlessrumour,hencetheyestablishedWhiteHouseCorrespondents'Association.In1921,50journalistsoftheWhiteHousethrewapartytocalebratetheirnewmaster'soffice.Andthatwasasmallbusinessparty.Butnow,ithasbecomeabigWashingtonsocialcalendar.It'snotthetopeleganceofthenightinWashington.Onthecontrary,thedinnercanbesaidtoNoRules,verycasual!Moreincredibly,countlesscelebrities（n.名人、名流）,Hollywoodstars,boss&importantadvertisersareinventedtothelist.Mostsignificantly,ifyouwannaenterintothedinner,showyouradmissionticket!Itissaidthattheprofitsofthedinner,asscholarship,areintendedforjournalismstudents.ZhengKansui郑戡遂ZhengKansui郑戡遂odohtHue21ZhengKansui郑戡遂THEREPUBLICANPARTYTHEDEMOCRATICPARTYHowtoelectthepresidentoftheUnitedStatesI.PresidentialPrimaryElection（初选）(fromFebruarytoJune)II.ToholdNationalConvention(duringJulyandAugest)III.Tocampaignnationwide(untilElectionDay)IV.theElectionDay(onthesecondTuesdayinNovember)V.theElectoralCollegetoelectthePresident&Vice-PresidentVI.theInaugurationDay（美国总统就职日）(onthe20Januarynextyear)选举人团（agroupofpeoplewhocometogethertoelectthePresident&Vice-President,basedthevotesofpeopleineachstate.）ZhengKansui郑戡遂ZhengKansui郑戡遂DELEGATESNON-PLEDGEDDELEGATESMEMBERSOFNATIONALCOMMITTEECONGRESSMENWELL-KNOWNPERSONSSENATORSGOVERNORSetc.PLEDGEDDELEGATESNumberhasbeendetermined;representativesofpopularvoters承诺代表非承诺代表Alsocalled“superdelegates”intheDemocraticParty全国委员会成员国会众议员党内知名人士国会参议员各州州长No.1DELEGATESNo.2SUPERTUESDAYMorethanadozenstatesholdprimariesatthesametime.FirstSUPERTUESDAYthisyearwasonMarch1st.Atotalof13statesheldprimaries.LastSUPERTUESDAYwasonJune7th.6statesincludingCaliforniaheldprimaries.ZhengKansui郑戡遂超级星期二PRIMARYCAUCUSFrombottomtotopGradualelectionDIRECTELECTIONElecteddelegatesbydirectvoteZhengKansui郑戡遂WhatisCAUCUS?Ameetingofmembersorleadersofapoliticalparty(asagroup)tochoosecandidatesortodecidepolicy.（党团会议、政党会议）由下至上逐级选举直接投票产生代表IOWA（艾奥瓦州）isthefirststatetoholdprimary.NEWHAMPSHIRE（新罕布什尔州）isthefirststatetoholdcaucus.TheelectionresultsofthetwostatesplaytheroleoftheWeathervane（风向标）andBarometer（somethingthatshowsthechangesthatarehappeninginaneconomic,socialorpoliticalsituation晴雨表）inlaterotherstates’primariesandaredecisiveimportance.ZhengKansui郑戡遂OTHERPOINTSNATIONALCONVENTION•2016RepublicanNationalConventionwillbeheldonJuly18thinCleveland（thecapitalofOhio,克利夫兰，俄亥俄州首府）.•2016DemocraticNationalConventionwillbeheldonJuly25thinPhiladelphia（thelargestcityofPennsylvania,theformercapitaloftheUnitedStatesbeforeWashingtonD.C.费城，宾州最大城市，华盛顿建成之前的美国首都）ZhengKansui郑戡遂ZhengKansui郑戡遂DEMOCRATICNATIONALCONVENTIONZhengKansui郑戡遂SWINGSTATE(BATTLEGROUNDSTATE)(摇摆州，战场州)Nocandidatehasoverwhelming(verygreatorverystrong;sopowerfulthatyoucannotresistitordecidehowtoreact巨大的，压倒性的，无法抗拒的)supportandtheirsupportrategapisquitesmall,variable,ambiguous,suchasColorado(科罗拉多州),Wisconsin(威斯康辛州),Ohio(俄亥俄州),Virginia(弗吉尼亚州),Florida(佛罗里达州).SAFESTATE(安全州)Certainpartyhasclearadvantagesovertheotherparty.TELEVISIONDEBATEZhengKansui郑戡遂电视辩论ABLINDDATE?ADEBATE!男女初次约会，相亲WhenistheELECTIONDAY?Thedateisnotfixed.ThedayisthesecondTuesdayinNovemberintheyearofthepresidentialelection.ThisyeartheelectiondayisNovember8th.Asamatteroffact,theelectorate(一国或一地区的全体选民)voteforCongressmenoftheSenateandtheHouseofRepresentatives,insteadofelectingthepresidentdirectly.ZhengKansui郑戡遂NOTADIRECTELECTIONBUTANINDIRECTELECTION√×TheElectoralSystemoftheUnitedStates——ElectoralCollegeSystemZhengKansui郑戡遂选举人团制度ObamatheDemocraticRomneytheRepublicanZhengKansui郑戡遂ZhengKansui郑戡遂ConstitutionofElectoralCollege100Senators参议员theSenate参议院435Representatives众议员theHouseofRepresentatives众议院3ElectorsWashingtonD.C.538Electors≧270ElectorsCongressZhengKansui郑戡遂选举人团的构成赢者通吃2Senatorsareelectedeachstate.Otherwise,Accordingtotheproportionofstatepopulation,representativesareelected.Nationally,arepresentativerepresent500,000votersapproximately.So-calledwinner-take-all,namely,meansthat,exceptforMaine（缅因州）&Nebraska（内布拉斯加州）,anypresidentialcandidategetsthemajorityofvotersinthestate,asaresule,he/shewinsallthestate'selectoralvotes.However,thereexistsaparadox(n.矛盾的人、事物或情况）.Andit'sapossibleconflictthatcandidatewinsnationalmajoritypopularvotes(普选票数calculatedaccordingtothenumberofvoters)butisstilllikelytolosethepresidentialelectioninvirtueof(=becauseof)belowhalfoftheelectoralvotes(270)ZhengKansui郑戡遂Whoistheelectedpresident?•Inthe2000presidentialelection,AlbertArnoldGoreJr.(戈尔),theDemocraticpresidentialcandidate,polledmore500,000popularvotesthanGeorgeWalkerBush(小布什),theRepublicanpresidentialcandidate,acrossthecountry.•However,BushpolledmorethanseveralhundredpopularvotesthanGoreinFlorida.ThereforeBushwonall25electoralcollegevotesofFlorida.•IthelpedBushalotthatFloridamadehimwinmorethan270electoralcollegevotes.Naturally,BushenteredandhostedtheWhiteHouse.FinallytheSupremeCourt(最高法院，州最高法院)setthetunewithonebeatthegong.ZhengKansui郑戡遂ZhengKansui