各种路由协议路由汇总方法分析(精)

网络规划设计高级技术专题各种路由协议路由汇总方法分析技术培训中心修订记录修订日期修订版本修订描述作者2009-09-05V1.0初稿完成。高志岩学习目标掌握各种路由协议路由汇总的配置命令掌握各种路由协议路由汇总的特性课程内容第一章RIP路由汇总第二章OSPF路由汇总第三章BGP路由汇总4第一章RIP路由汇总RIP路由汇总配置命令接口下面配置汇总命令interfaceFastEthernet0/0.12encapsulationdot1Q12ipaddress9.9.12.1255.255.255.0ipsummary-addressrip192.168.1.0255.255.255.240R1R2R3Lo0:192.168.1.1/32RIPinterfaceFastEthernet0/0.23encapsulationdot1Q23ipaddress9.9.23.2255.255.255.0ipsummary-addressrip192.168.1.0255.255.255.0第一章RIP路由汇总路由汇总的结果R2和R3的路由表r2#shiproute….2.0.0.0/32issubnetted,1subnetsC2.2.2.2isdirectlyconnected,Loopback09.0.0.0/24issubnetted,2subnetsC9.9.12.0isdirectlyconnected,FastEthernet0/0.12C9.9.23.0isdirectlyconnected,FastEthernet0/0.23192.168.1.0/28issubnetted,1subnetsR192.168.1.0[120/1]via9.9.12.1,00:00:19,FastEthernet0/0.12r3#shiproute…9.0.0.0/24issubnetted,2subnetsR9.9.12.0[120/1]via9.9.23.2,00:00:00,FastEthernet0/0.23C9.9.23.0isdirectlyconnected,FastEthernet0/0.23R192.168.1.0/24[120/2]via9.9.23.2,00:00:00,FastEthernet0/0.23第一章RIP路由汇总路由汇总的结果R1的路由表r1#shiproute…9.0.0.0/24issubnetted,2subnetsC9.9.12.0isdirectlyconnected,FastEthernet0/0.12R9.9.23.0[120/1]via9.9.12.2,00:00:08,FastEthernet0/0.12192.168.1.0/32issubnetted,1subnetsC192.168.1.1isdirectlyconnected,Loopback1R1并没有产生下一跳指向Null0接口的192.168.1.0/24的汇总路由第一章RIP路由汇总路由汇总的结果R1的RIP数据库r1#shipripdatabase9.0.0.0/8auto-summary9.9.12.0/24directlyconnected,FastEthernet0/0.129.9.23.0/24[1]via9.9.12.2,00:00:06,FastEthernet0/0.12192.168.1.0/24auto-summary192.168.1.0/28int-summary//数据库中关于手动汇总路由的标记192.168.1.1/32directlyconnected,Loopback1第一章RIP路由汇总RIP路由汇总的相关注意事项进行手动汇总之前必须关闭自动汇总−noauto-summary汇总可以在任意一台路由器上进行汇总路由的掩码必须大于或等于主类网络掩码r1(config-subif)#ipsummary-addressrip192.168.0.0255.255.0.0Summarymaskmustbegreaterorequaltomajornet第一章RIP路由汇总RIP路由汇总的相关注意事项在通告汇总路由的路由器上创建指向Null0接口的汇总路由−根据实际情况进行配置r1(config)#iproute192.168.1.0255.255.255.0null0课程内容第一章RIP路由汇总第二章OSPF路由汇总第三章BGP路由汇总11第二章OSPF路由汇总OSPF路由汇总的控制点ABR−将1/2类LSA转换为3类LSA时,可对产生的3类LSA进行汇总通告ASBR−将外部LSA通告进自治系统内时,可对这些外部LSA进行汇总通告第二章OSPF路由汇总ABR路由汇总配置命令R1R2R3R4area1area0area2routerospf1area1range172.9.0.0255.255.0.0Lo0:172.9.0.1/32172.9.12.0/24第二章OSPF路由汇总ABR路由汇总结果R3、R4的路由表r3#shipro…OIA172.9.0.0/16[110/2]via9.9.23.2,00:14:24,FastEthernet0/0.23r4#shipro…OIA172.9.0.0/16[110/3]via192.9.34.3,00:14:19,FastEthernet0/0.34第二章OSPF路由汇总ABR路由汇总结果R2的数据库没汇总之前的数据库汇总后的区别−ABR不再产生明细的3类LSASummaryNetLinkStates(Area0)LinkIDADVRouterAgeSeq#Checksum172.9.0.09.9.0.213240x800000010x00BCB5SummaryNetLinkStates(Area0)LinkIDADVRouterAgeSeq#Checksum172.9.0.19.9.0.270x800000010x00BCB3172.9.12.09.9.0.270x800000010x00382E第二章OSPF路由汇总ABR路由汇总结果R2的路由表−自动产生下一跳为Null0接口的汇总路由r2#shipro…172.9.0.0/16isvariablysubnetted,3subnets,3masksO172.9.0.1/32[110/2]via172.9.12.1,00:00:46,FastEthernet0/0.12O172.9.0.0/16isasummary,00:00:46,Null0C172.9.12.0/24isdirectlyconnected,FastEthernet0/0.129.0.0.0/8isvariablysubnetted,3subnets,2masksC9.9.0.2/32isdirectlyconnected,Loopback0O9.9.0.3/32[110/2]via9.9.23.3,00:00:46,FastEthernet0/0.23…第二章OSPF路由汇总ABR路由汇总结果产生Null0接口汇总路由的意义R1R2R3R4area1area0area2Lo0:172.9.0.1/32汇总路由172.9.0.0/16出口R3:default-informaionoriginate默认路由R2不产生Null0接口汇总路由第二章OSPF路由汇总ABR路由汇总结果产生Null0接口汇总路由的意义R1R2R3R4area1area0area2Lo0:172.9.0.1/32访问不存在的一个地址172.9.0.2的数据R2上没有相应的路由，于是按照默认路由转发给R3R3上面存在172.9.0.0/16的汇总路由，于是转发回给R2…直至TTL=0，报文被丢弃，其中一台设备返回TTL超时第二章OSPF路由汇总ABR路由汇总相关注意事项汇总的条件−ABR仅在将1/2类LSA转换为3类LSA时，可以进行汇总−如果1/2类LSA转换后的3类LSA中的网络号不在汇总网段范围内，则仍以精确的3类LSA通告。汇总路由其他参数r2(config-router)#area1range172.9.0.0255.255.0.0?advertiseAdvertisethisrange(default)costUserspecifiedmetricforthisrange//调整汇总的3类LSA的Metricnot-advertiseDoNotAdvertisethisrange//抑制产生该汇总的3类LSA以及相关明细3类LSA第二章OSPF路由汇总ASBR路由汇总配置命令R1R2R3R4RIParea0area2routerospf1summary-address172.9.0.0255.255.0.0redistributeripsubnetsLo0:172.9.0.1/32172.9.12.0/24第二章OSPF路由汇总ASBR路由汇总结果R3的路由表r3#shipro…OE2172.9.0.0/16[110/20]via9.9.23.2,00:03:09,FastEthernet0/0.239.0.0.0/8isvariablysubnetted,3subnets,2masksO9.9.0.2/32[110/2]via9.9.23.2,00:03:09,FastEthernet0/0.23C9.9.0.3/32isdirectlyconnected,Loopback0C9.9.23.0/24isdirectlyconnected,FastEthernet0/0.23192.9.0.0/32issubnetted,1subnetsO192.9.0.4[110/2]via192.9.34.4,00:03:09,FastEthernet0/0.34C192.9.34.0/24isdirectlyconnected,FastEthernet0/0.34第二章OSPF路由汇总ASBR路由汇总结果R4的路由表r4#shipro…OE2172.9.0.0/16[110/20]via192.9.34.3,00:04:33,FastEthernet0/0.349.0.0.0/8isvariablysubnetted,3subnets,2masksOIA9.9.0.2/32[110/3]via192.9.34.3,00:04:35,FastEthernet0/0.34OIA9.9.0.3/32[110/2]via192.9.34.3,00:04:43,FastEthernet0/0.34OIA9.9.23.0/24[110/2]via192.9.34.3,00:04:39,FastEthernet0/0.34192.9.0.0/32issubnetted,1subnetsC192.9.0.4isdirectlyconnected,Loopback0C192.9.34.0/24isdirectlyconnected,FastEthernet0/0.34第二章OSPF路由汇总ASBR路由汇总结果R2的路由表r2#shipro…172.9.0.0/16isvariablysubnetted,3subnets,3masksR172.9.0.1/32[120/1]via172.9.12.1,00:00:20,FastEthernet0/0.12O172.9.0.0/16isasummary,00:08:20,Null0C172.9.12.0/24isdirectlyconnected,FastEthernet0/0.129.0.0.0/8isvariablysubnetted,3subnets,2masksC9.9.0.2/32isdirectlyconnected,Loopback0O9.9.0.3/32[110/2]via9.9.23.3,00:07:17