African-Colonial-History非洲殖民史

AfricanColonialHistory•KEYTOUNDERSTANDINGAFRICANUNDERDEVELOPMENT•ORIGINSANDMYTHSColonialMotives•EconomicInterpretation-rawmaterials,mineralsandagriculturalproducts•MissionaryInfluenceandabolitionism(DivideReligiously)•Pseudo-ScientificRacism•EuropeanRivalries•CulturalImperialismandRacismTheme“WehavetheMaximGun,TheyHaveNone”HillaireBlazacIssue:TheCrusher“BulaMataricametorepresent[the]alienauthority…”CrawfordYoungdescribesHenryMortonStanleyFurtherReading•JosephConrad,HeartofDarkness•Laterfilm,ApocalypseNowbyFrancisFordCoppola•AdamHochschild,KingLeopold’sGhostTheScrambleforAfrica•TriangularTradeto1800•LegitimateTradeandSpheresofInfluence•SpheresofInfluence(theChinaModel)•TheRoleoftheTradingCompanies•GermanEastAfricanCompany•FrenchWestAfricanTradingCompany•BritishEastandBritishSouthAfricanCompaniesTheScrambleforAfrica•France,GermanyandEuropeanRivalries•Belgium,KingLeopoldandthe“CongoFreeState”•CongressesofBerlin:1878and1884-85OriginsofColonialism:1890-1914•WestAfrica:Frenchvs.BritishandAssimilationvs.IndirectRuleoFromCompanyRuletoIndirectRuleoSmallerPowers•EastAfrica:SettlersandImperialismoGermanAuthoritarianism,oWhiteHighlandsoBritishEastAfricaCompanyOriginsofColonialismCentralandSouthernAfrica•JanvanRiebeckandtheCape-1652•Britain-CapeColony:1815•CecilJohnRhodes:BritishSouthAfricaCompany•TheRhodesiasandNyasaland-CompanyRuleto1923•FromFederationtoUDIStylesofColonialism-TacticsandMethods•Force,Trickery,sub-imperialism(clientkingdoms)andAuthoritarianPrefectoralismCarlPetersandhisBagsfullofTreatiesSirSamuelBakerandhisHungarianWifeStimulatealliancesandrivalriesamongdifferentethnicandreligiousgroups•UseofIndigenousForces:CreateAfricanArmies•Usepuppetrulers,appointchiefsin“statelesssystems,useDistrictCommissioners(Prefects)PatternsofColonialRule•ParallelRulevs.IndirectRule-Britain•Assimilation-FrancePortugalandFrance•Federationsvs.Fragmentation-Francophonevs.EastAfrica•SpecialRoleofSettlerColoniesDiscussion“DoThingsFallApartinAfricaAfter1870?TheColonialAdministrativeState•Integration-AlgeriaandLusophone•Overseasterritoriesandprovinces-France•ColonialOfficeandtheOverseasGovernor•CulturalSub-Nationalism:Buganda,AshantiandSouthAfricaBritishColonialismSirFrederickLugard,TheDualMandateinBritishTropicalAfrica(London:1922).TypesofTerritories•WithoutEuropeanSettlers-NkrumahandtheMosquito–Nigeria,Ghana,SierraLeone•WithoutEuropeanSettlers-Protectorates–Uganda,Zanzibar,Nyasaland•WithEuropeanSettlers(NoHomerule)–Kenya,Tanzania,NorthernRhodesia•WithEuropeanSettlers(Homerule)–Rhodesia,SouthAfrica,SouthWestAfrica(after1920)ColonialProcesses•OxbridgeGeneralists•MajorRalphFurseandGentlemenAdministrators•LEGCO,EXECOandUnofficialAdvisors(Europeans,ArabsandIndians,andLateafewAfricans)•“Multi-racialism”vs.OrnamentalismBritishColonialStructuresParliamentTreasurySecretaryofStateforColoniesSecretaryforForeignandDominionAffairsColonialOfficeLondonStructureofBritishColonialismColonialOfficeLondonGhanaTanganyikaUgandaGovernororHighCommissionerExecutiveCouncilLegislativeCouncilColonialAdministrationGovernorProvincialCommissionerProvincialCommissionerProvinciallCommissionerProvincialOfficerGovernmentSecretary/SecretariatProvincialEducationOfficerDistrictCommissionerColonialAdministrationDistrictCommissionerDAODistrictEducationOfficerDMODPWDDistrictOfficerAgriculturalDemonstratorDistrictSchoolInspectorColonialAdministrationDistrictCommissionerDistrictOfficerDODOParamountChief“Tribal”AdministrationParamountChiefSub-ChiefSub-ChiefSub-ChiefHeadManVillageLeaderColonialStructures-1956ParliamentandCabinet-LondonColonialOfficeCommonwealthAndForeignOfficeTreasuryColonialWelfareAndDevelopmentOfficeGovernorandColonialSecretariatLegcoAndExecoDepartmentsDistrictOfficesTraditionalGovernmentTwoStructuresNationalSystemsParamountChief(King)AdvisorsNativeCouncilsTraditionalMeetingPlaceJudicialSystemSub-ChiefsHeadmenImperialSystemsKingChiefChiefChiefKing’sRepresentativeInnerCouncilSub-ChiefsAndHeadmenOuterCouncilParallelRule•TheExternalProtectorate•Soldiers,MissionariesandPolice•Settlers:EasternandSouthernAfricaOriginsofIndirectRuleINDIRECTRULETHEORISTS•LordLugardandNorthernNigeria•TheophilusShepstoneinNatal•SirDonaldCamerooninTanganyikaTribalAdministration“andIndirectRule•Traditionalvs.“Tribal”Rule•ModificationofParallelorDualRule•Goal:Legal/RationalModel•ModificationofTradition•TrainingoftribaladministratorIndirectRuleSystemChiefTribalSecretaryTreasuryCourtPoliceCouncilClerksSub-ChiefsHeadmenFrenchColonialism•MeaningofAssimilation•DirectRule•UseofTraditionalAuthoritiesasFrenchAdministrators•ReplacementofTraditionalAuthoritiesbySoldiers•InPracticeAssimilationwasAssociation•BritishandFrenchadministrativePracticenotthatdifferentinruralAfricaFrenchColonialism•TheConceptofPermanentAssociation•GoalaFrenchLanguageUnion(PoliticalEconomicandSocial)•ParisandASingle,highlycentralizedsystem-WorldWide•FacadeofDirectRuleFrenchColonialStructuresFranceOverseas:Indochina,CaribbeanNorthAfrica:Tunisia,Morocco,theDepartmentofAlgeriaL’AfriqueOccidentaleFrancaise(AOF)L’AfriqueEquit