①就近原则又叫“邻近原则”:谓语与靠近的名词、代词(有时不一定是主语)在“人称、数”上一致。正式文体中的关联词有:therebe....有....neither...nor...既不...也不...either...or....要么.....要么;不是...就是whether...or...是...还是...,不管...还是...notonly....butalso...不仅...而且...not...but...不是.....而是...例子:EithertheyorJimisgoingtoshanghainextSaturday.Notyoubutyourfatheristoblame.NeitheryounorIamwrong.②就远原则:谓语动词与前面主语一致;aswellas;(together/along)with;ratherthan;except(but;);besides;including;apartfrom;inadditionto;but;including;like;without例子:Nobodybuttwostudentsisintheclassroom.除了两个学生没人在教室.Allthestudents,includingTom,areleaving.所有学生包括汤姆都走了.③noone/nobody/none/nothing的区分:Noone/nobody常用来指人,作主语时谓语动词也要用单数形式;nothing常用来指物,作主语时谓语动词也要用单数形式;none可指人也可指物,作主语时要和of连用;指不可数名词时谓语动词要用单数形式,指可数名词时,谓语动词用单数或复数形式。例子:Noneofthismoneyismine.Noneofthemhas/haveacar.None与ofl连用表示范围。④易混淆词汇:撒谎vi.Lie--lied--lied躺着vi.Lie--lay--lain安放、下蛋vi.Lay--lay--lay顺口溜:一般正经是撒谎,自由自在是躺着,y变id下个蛋。