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CPPs,CPPs,CPPsCPPs,[1]GreenM,LoewensteinPM.Autonomousfunctionaldomainsofchemicallysynthesizedhumanimmunodeciencyvirustattrans-ac-tivatorprotein[J].Cel,l1988,55(6):1179-1188.[2]VivesE.Presentandfutureofcel-lpenetratingpeptidemediateddeliverysystems:istheTrojanhorsetoowildtogoonlytoTroy?[J].JControlRelease,2005,109(1):77-85.[3]DerossiD,JoliotAH,ChassaingG,etal.ThethirdhelixoftheAn-tennapediahomeodomaintranslocatesthroughbiologicalmem-branes[J].JBiolChem,1994,269(14):10444-10450.[4]ThodoreL,DerossiD,ChassaingG,etal.IntraneuronaldeliveryofproteinkinaseCpseudosubstrateleadstogrowthconecollapse[J].JNeurosc,i1995,15(11):7158-7167.[5]FawellS,SeeryJ,DaikhY,etal.Tat-mediateddeliveryofheterolo-gousproteinsintocells[J].ProcNatlAcadSciUSA,1994,91(2):664-668.[6]TrhinR,MerkleHP.Chancesandpitfallsofcellpenetratingpep-tidesforcellulardrugdelivery[J].EurJPharmBiopharm,2004,58(2):209-223.[7]WadiaJS,StanRV,DowdySF.TransducibleTAT-HAfusogenicpeptideenhancesescapeofTAT-fusionproteinsafterlipidraftmacropinocytosis[J].NatMed,2004,10(3):310-315.[8]CrombezL,CharnetA,MorrisMC,etal.Anon-covalentpeptide-basedstrategyforsiRNAdelivery[J].BiochemSocTrans,2007,35(Pt1):44-46.[9]JarverP,LangelU.Cel-lpenetratingpeptides-abriefintroduction[J].BiochimBiophysActa,2006,1758(3):260-263.[10]E-lAndaloussiS,JohanssonHJ,HolmT,etal.Anovelcel-lpene-tratingpeptide,M918,forefficientdeliveryofproteinsandpeptidenucleicacids[J].MolTHer,2007,15(10):1820-1826.[11],,,.[J].,2010,45(1):17-25.[12]TorchilinVP.Tatpeptide-mediatedintracellulardeliveryofpharma-ceuticalnanocarriers[J].AdvDrugDelivRev,2008,60(4):548-558.[13]SchwarzeSR,HoA,Vocero-AkbaniA,etal.Invivoproteintrans-duction:deliveryofabiologicallyactiveproteinintothemouse[J].Science,1999,285(5433):1569-1572.[14]BianJ,PopovicZB,BenejamC,etal.Effectofcel-lbasedinterce-llulardeliveryoftranscriptionfactorGATA4onischemiccardiomy-opathy[J].CircRes,2007,100(11):1626-1633.[15]BispingE,IkedaS,KongSW,etal.Gata4isrequiredformainte-nanceofpostnatalcardiacfunctionandprotectionfrompressureo-verload-inducedheartfailure[J].ProcNatlAcadSciUSA,2006,103(39):14471-14476.[16]CaoG,PeiW,GeH,etal.InvivodeliveryofaBc-lxLfusionpro-teincontainingtheTATproteintransductiondomainprotectsa-gainstischemicbraininjuryandneuronalapoptosis[J].JNeuros-c,i2002,22(13):5423-5431.[17]KilicE,DietzGP,HermannDM,etal.IntravenousTAT-Bc-lXlisprotectiveaftermiddlecerebralarteryocclusioninmice[J].AnnNeuro,l2002,52(5):617-622.[18]HaradaH,HiraokaM,Kizaka-KondohS.AntitumoreffectofTAT-oxygen-dependentdegradation-caspase-3fusionproteinspecificallystabilizedandactivatedinhypoxictumorcells[J].CancerRes,2002,62(7):2013-2018.[19]RousselleC,ClairP,SmirnovaM,etal.Improvedbrainuptakeandpharmacologicalactivityofdalarginusingapeptide-vector-media-tedstrategy[J].JPharmacolExpTher,2003,306(1):371-376.[20],,,.CPPTat49-57CTLMHC-[J].,2006,22(3):247-251.[21],,,.hClock2(35247)[J].,2007,20(4):250-253.[22],,,.TAT2NDPK2A[J].,2007,142(19):652-655.[23]FischerR,KhlerK,Fotin-MleczekM,etal.Astepwisedissectionoftheintracellularfateofcationiccel-lpenetratingpeptides[J].JBiolChem,2004,279(13):12625-12635.[24]VivsE,SchmidtJ,PlegrinA.Cel-lpenetratingandcel-ltargetingpeptidesindrugdelivery[J].BiochimBiophysActa,2008,1786(2):126-138.:2010-08-12:2010-12-06王新1(),陈凤玲2()(1.,233030;2.,201900):R34:A:1006-2084(2011)01-0012-04:国家自然科学基金(30870954):对线粒体进行检测有助于线粒体疾病的诊断目前对线粒体功能检测的方法有呼吸控制率线粒体ATP生成率离子通道开放状态线粒体膜电位变化前臂有氧运动实验等通过电镜可直接观察线粒体的形态变化每种方法均有各自的原理和优缺点,临床需根据实际选择合适的方法,且尚需探索更为理想简单经济的检测手段:线粒体;呼吸链;功能;检测MitochondrialFunctionandDetectionMethodsWANGXin1,CHENFeng-ling2.(1.BengbuMedicalCollege,Bengbu233030,China;2.DepartmentofEndocrinology,NO.3PeoplesHospitalAffiliatedtoShang-haiJiaotongUniversitySchoolofMedicine,Shanghai201900,China)Abstract:Detectionofmitochondriacontributestothediagnosisofmitochondrialdisease.Currentdetec-tionmethodsconsistofmitochondrialrespiratorycontrolratio,ATPproductionrate,ionchannelopenness,variationinmitochondrialmembranepotentia,landforearmaerobicexercisetest.Mitochondrialmorphologycanbedirectlyobservedbyusinganelectronmicroscopy.Eachmethodhasitsownunderlyingrationality,merits,anddrawbacks.Anidea,lsimpleandeconomicalmethodshouldbeinplaceforclinicalpractice.Keywords:Mitochondria;Respiratorychain;Function;Detection,,DNA,,,1220111171MedicalRecapitulate,Jan2011,Vo.l17,No.11,90%[1],200~2000,,[2]2,DNA(mtDNA)16569bp,mtDNA13,2rRNA(12SrRNA16SrRNA)22RNA,13DNA,mtDNA(D),mtDNA(reactiveoxygenspecies,ROS),DNA10~100[3]DNA,,DNA,DNA[4],DNA[5],,mtDNA2mtDNA,33.1DNADNA,,DNA,DNADNADNADNADNAROS,,,,[3]DNA[tRNALeu(UUR)3243AG][6]ROS,mtDNA[7]ROS,,,ROS,,,,,ATP,,,[8],[9]3.23.2.1DNA,,DNA8-DNA3-DNAAPDNADNA3.2.2mtDNA()Thyagrajan[10],:DNA4,(respiratorycontrolratio,RCR)ATP(mitochondrialATPproductionrate,MAPR)4.1RCRRCR,,,RCR,RCRADP(Stage3)ADP(Stage4)ADPPi,ADP/O1mol,ATPRCRADP/O,,,S3RCRADP/O,S4,,[11]4.2MAPRMAPRATP,,0.5~1.0g1320111171MedicalRecapitulate,Jan2011,Vo.l17,No.1,Wibom[12]MAPR,50%~220%,25mg,MAPR-ATPMAPR,,[13-15]4.3,,,,,ROS,4.4Chu[16],(JC-1)JC-1m,JC-1,,;,JC-1,JC-1,Lim[17],,pH,,,20~300,;[18],,[19]4.52060,Engel[20]