4.1解:kNNNNQKQGKG420315324.1315312.1焊缝质量为三级,用引弧板施焊。查表得E43焊条的2/185mmNfWt,Q235钢的2/215mmNf。mmbfNtWt35.11185200104203故取mmt12。4.2解:kkkQKQGKGNNNNNN36.18.04.12.02.1焊缝质量为二级,2/215mmNfWt未用引弧板施焊mmlW376122400tlNfWWt,kWWtNtlfN36.1kNtlfNWWtk3.71336.11237621536.14.4解:1)焊脚尺寸fh背部尺寸mmthmmthff6.982.12.174.4105.15.1min1max1趾部尺寸mmthmmthff7~62~182~174.4105.15.1min2max2为方便备料,取mmhhhfff621,满足上述要求。2)轴心力N的设计值kNNNNQKQGKG4.2481809.04.11801.02.1按角钢背与趾部侧面角焊缝内力分配系数可知:等边角钢内力分配系数3.01be7.02be对角钢趾部取力矩平衡得:21NebNkNNNbeN52.744.2483.03.021kNNNNN88.1734.2487.07.0123)焊缝长度。当构件截面为一只角钢时,考虑角钢与节点板单面连接所引起的偏心影响,Wtf应乘以折减系数0.85。角钢趾:mmhmmfhNlfWffW48813016085.067.01052.7485.07.0311取mml1401(mmhf1422130,取10mm的整数倍)角钢背:mmhmmfhNlfWffW3606030416085.067.01088.17385.07.0322取mml3202(mmhf3162304,取10mm的整数)4.5解:腹板受到轴心拉力kN作用kNNNNQKQGKG4.5984408.04.14402.02.1焊脚尺寸fhmmthf6.55.1max,mmthf9~8)2~1(min取mmhf6时,mmhmmfhNlfWffW360602.44516067.02104.5987.023不可行;取mmhf7时,mmlw6.381,mmhlfw42060可行,mmhlf6.39526.381,取mml400取mmhf9时,mmlw8.296,mmhlfw54060可行,mmhlf8.31428.296,取mml320故最小的焊脚尺寸可取mm7,钢板搭接长度为mm400最大的焊脚尺寸可取mm9,钢板搭接长度为mm3204.7解:(1)直接计算法mkNNlM102.0502262/1.148862407.0101067.0mmNhhlhMffWff23/6.2972407.010507.0mmNhhlhNffWffWfffff221606.29722.11.148822ffhh解得:mmhf85.7采用mmtmmtmmhf9~82~136.6185.15.18minmax,可(2)试算法mmtmmthf9~82~136.6185.15.1minmax取mmhf82134424087.07.0mmlhlhAWfWeW3225376024087.06161mmlhWWeW2262/0.186624087.0101067.0mmNlhMWff23/2.3724087.010507.0mmNlhNWff222222/160/9.1562.3722.1186mmNfmmNWffff,可故mmhf84.8解:kNRRRkk405%754.1%252.1mml300mmlh701080取焊脚尺寸mmhf6mmhhfe2.47.0(1)几何关系水平焊缝计算长度mmhllfhWh64670全部焊缝计算长度mmlllWhW4286423002全部焊缝有效截面WeWlhA形心位置cmhhAllhxeeWWhWhe96.08.4224.64.6222略去3eh项423236.21542304.642.02123042.02212cmllhlhIWheex42232238.4796.04.642.096.024.64.642.0124.642.022122cmxlhxllhlhIWheWhWheWhey焊缝有效截面对形心O的极惯性矩404.22028.476.2154cmIIIyx(2)强度验算kNRV5.2022mmxa4.7080mkNRaT3.142104.7040523mmxlxWh4.546.9641mmly1502124601/3.35104.22024.54103.14mmNITxTf24601/4.97104.2202150103.14mmNITyTf23/7.1124282.4105.202mmNAVVf剪力和扭矩共同作用下的强度条件222222/160/6.1554.9722.17.1123.35mmNfmmNWfTffVfTf,可5.1解:QKQGKGNNN则:NNk8.772560%904.1560%102.1查表,得:钢板螺栓孔壁承压承载力设计值:2/405mmNfbc螺栓的强度设计值为:2/190mmNfbv)(32.1191019044002432kNfdnNbvevbv)(1621040520203kNtfdNbcbc取)(32.119},min{kNNNNbcbvb需要的螺栓数目:48.632.1198.772bNNn最少采用7n试取螺栓距mmmmdpo655.613端距mmmmdao45412边距mmmmdco3575.305.1因为板宽mmb250,若边距为mm35则不满足间距不大于mmt12012要求,故最外排每列螺栓应设3个,取螺栓横向间距为mm90,端距为mm45,螺栓数增加为8个。取螺栓纵向间距为mm65,边距为mm35。第二列布置2个螺栓,符合不大于mmt24024的构造要求。已知,在最外侧螺栓处的截面,钢板受力最大,截面上有3个螺栓孔,其净面积为最小,即:21377020)5.203250()3(mmtdbAon净截面平均拉应力为:2231/205/2053770108.772mmNfmmNANn,(1nA为mm20钢板面积,f应该按照mm20钢板取)可下面再验算拼接板四角处有无块状拉剪破坏的危险。则每一块板呗抗剪破坏所需之力为)(9.2071021510)5.205.035(1012510)5.205.265245(331kNN拼缝一侧上、下两块拼接板同时有4角拉剪破坏时所需轴向力为)(8.772)(6.8319.207441kNkNNN因而此处不会发生块状拉剪破坏。5.4解:2/190mmNfbv2/405mmNfbc设螺栓单列为n个。kNPPPkk544%804.1%202.1mkNPeT682505442121(1)单个螺栓受剪承载力设计值:螺栓杆被剪断承载力:kNfdnNbvvbv2.721902241422螺栓孔承压破坏承载力:kNftdNbcbc56.1424051622单个螺栓受剪承载力:kNNNNbcbvb2.72,minmin(2)求每列螺栓的个数n的值。取bTNNmin由修正公式(5.10):83.535.6135.670102.722106861636nnpmNTnT取n=6(3)强度验算:螺栓除受扭转作用外,还受到竖向的剪力。kNyxTyNiiiTxi93.47175105354801217510682222622kNyxTxNiiiTyi91.2117510535480128010682222622kNnPNPy67.222由偏心剪力作用下强度条件:kNNNNNbPyTyiTxi2.7246.6567.2291.2193.47min2222,可5.5解:2/140mmNfbv2/170mmNfbt2/305mmNfbc设螺栓单列为n个。kNNNk5604.1(1)单个螺栓受剪承载力设计值:螺栓杆被剪断承载力:kNfdnNbvvbv2.5314022414.31422螺栓孔承压破坏承载力:kNftdNbcbc36.1073051622单个螺栓受剪承载力:kNNNNbcbvb2.53,minmin(2)单个螺栓受拉承载力kNfANbtebt6.511704.303(由附表1.4得直径22mm的螺栓有效截面积24.303mm)(3)单个螺栓受剪力和拉力的设计值:kNnnNNNNtNv2140222(4)因为螺栓同时受剪和受拉,需满足:122bttbvvNNNN解得:34.5n取6n5.8解:查表得:螺栓抗剪强度2/250mmNfbv一个高强度螺栓的设计预拉力值kNP150钢板螺栓孔壁承压承载力设计值2/470mmNfbc抗滑移系数45.0)(5.12115045.029.09.0kNPnNfbv)(44.1651047016223kNtfdNbcbc取)(5.121},min{kNNNNbcbvb则93.6705.121210136663pmNTnT(bvN中传力摩擦面为2,故两边一起算,T不需除2)修正41.6)93.6193.6(93.6))1((nnnn取7n验算强度:)(3640)21147(48142222222cmyx)(23.393640100216822maxmaxkNyxTyNTx)(8.293640100813622maxmaxkNyxTxNTy)(86.3872544kNmnPNPy0PxN强度:)(5.121)(26.104)86.388.29(46.78)()(222max2maxkNNkNNNNNbvPyTyPxTx可,每侧所需螺栓数目为7个。5.9解:预拉力值:kNP190螺栓杆被剪断承载力:kNPnNfbv95.7619045.019.09.0单个螺栓受拉承载力:kNPNbt1521908.08.0单个螺栓受剪力和拉力的设计值:kNnnNNNNtNv2140222因为螺栓同时受剪和受拉,需满足:1bttbvvNNNN解得:9.3n取4n摩擦型连接无需验算孔壁承压强度6.2解:由结点b的力的平衡可得:Ab杆受压力KNF37.121Cb杆受拉力KNF37.122需要的构件截面面积:22