八年级英语非谓语动词教案在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式,动名词和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。1)不定式时态\语态一般式完成式2)动名词时态\语态一般式完成式3)分词时态\语态一般式完成式主动todotohavedone主动doinghavingdone主动doinghavingdone被动tobedonetohavebeendone被动beingdonehavingbeendone被动beingdonehavingbeendone否定形式:not+不定式,not+动名词,not+现在分词一、不定式(一)不定式的常考形式1.一般形式:Hedecidedtoworkharderinordertocatchupwiththeothers.被动形式:Hepreferredtobeassignedsomeheavierworktodo.语法功能:表示与谓语动词同步发生2.完成形式:Hepretendednottohaveseenme.被动形式:Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.语法功能:表示发生在谓语动词之前(二)不定式常考的考点1.不定式做定语----将要发生2.不定式做状语----目的3.不定式充当名词功能---Toseeistobelieve.(三)不定式的省略1.感官动词see,watch,observe,notice,lookat,hear,listento,smell,taste,feel+do表示动作的完整性,真实性+doing表示动作的连续性,进行性Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调“我看见了”这个事实)Isawhimworkinginthegardenyesterday.昨天我见他正在花园里干活。(强调“我见他正干活”这个动作)感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词:Thecaketastesgood;Itfeelscomfortable.(2)helphelpsbdohelpsbtodohelpdohelptodo(四)有些动词后只跟不定式如want,wish,hope,manage,promise,refuse,pretend,plan,offer,decide,agree,expect,allowsbtodo,causesbtodo,permitsbtodo,enablesbtodo,lovetodo,warnsbtodo,beabletodobegintodo,starttodo(五)有的时候to后面要接-ing形式lookforwardto;beusedto;bealternativeto;besimilarity/similarto.二.动名词:具有动作性特征的名词1)是名词seeingisbelieving2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语readingbooksisnecessary(一)动名词的形式一般形式:Idon'tlikeyousmoking.完成形式:Iregretnothavingtakenyouradvice.被动形式:Thisquestionisfarfrombeingsettled.(二)动名词常考的点1.动名词做主语,谓语动词为单数2.在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词3.动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语。Iwouldappreciate_______backthisafternoon.A.youtocallB.youcallC.youcallingD.you'recalling(Key:Cyourcalling也对)Iregretnothavingtakenyouradvice.4.有些词后只能接动名词admit;appreciate;avoid;celebrate;consider;contemplate;delay;discontinue;dislike;enjoy;escape;excuse;explain;feellike;finish;forgive;can'thelp;imagine;keep;itmeans;mention;mind;miss;pardon;practice;prevent;report;suggest;understand...另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法:it'snogood;it'sno/little/hardlyany/use;it'snot/hardly/scarcelyuse;it'sworthwhile;spendmoney/time;there'sno;there'snothingworsethan;what'stheuse/point...5.有些词后加不定式和动名词均可remember,forget,try,stop,goon,mean后面用不定式和-ing形式,意义截然不容。Irememberedtoposttheletters.(指未来/过去未来的动作)Irememberedposting/havingpostingtheletters.(我记得这个动作)forgot与remember的用法类似。Iregrettoinformyouthat…我很遗憾地通知你…Iregrettedhavingleftthefirmaftertwentyyears.为了二十年前的离开而遗憾......tryto努力Youreallymusttrytoovercomeyourshyness.try–ing试验Trypracticingfivehoursaday.Imeantogo,butmyfatherwouldnotallowmeto.[打算、想]我想去,但我父亲不让我去。Toraisewagemeansincreasingpurchasingpower.[意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。prefer的用法:我宁愿在这里等。Iprefertowaithere.(所以啊,你不介意的话,我就等下去。)Ipreferwaitinghere.(我正在这里等,我就喜欢这么做。)Ipreferswimmingtocycling.(这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。)(三)need/want后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中,want不太常用。Heneeds(alotof)encouraging.(四)分词:现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态现在分词的形式1.一般式:Doyouseethemantalkingtothedean(主任)?(与谓语动词同步发生)2.完成形式:Nothavingmadepreparations,theyfailed.(发生谓语动词之前)3.完成被动形式:Havingbeenadapted,thescriptseemsperfect.(发生谓语动词之前且表示被动)(四)过去分词1.过去分词表示被动:Fightnobattleunprepared.2.过去分词的进行形式:You'llfindthetopicbeingdiscussedeverywhere.(强调正在被做)这三种非谓语动词,都可以构成复合结构,非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。它们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动,往往就是考点。非谓语动词具有灵活多变的特点,大家在判断使用何种非谓语动词形式时,可遵循以下规律:1.对比时间:对照谓语动词的时间,确定非谓语动词的时态形式。非谓语动词的各种时态形式都是依据句子的谓语动词的时态形式而变化的。一般情况下,如果非谓语动词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生,我们就用不定式的一般式;如果表示动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行,我们就用现在分词的一般式或不定式的进行式;如果表示动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,我们就用现在分词、不定式或动名词的完成式(特殊情况下,也可用动名词的一般式)。2.辨明逻辑:从非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系判断非谓语动词的语态如果非谓语动词的逻辑主语是非谓语动词动作的发出者,即两者之间存在主谓关系,就用非谓语动词的主动式;如果逻辑主语是非谓语动词动作的承受者,即两者之间存在动宾关系,就用非谓语动词的被动式。3.两方面结合,判断时态、语态混合形式有些非谓语动词的形式把时态和语态的变化融合在一起,这时,我们可以把上述两方面结合起来判断。在非谓语动词的逻辑主语是非谓语动词动作的承受者的情况下,a)如果非谓语动词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,就用现在分词的被动式;b)如果动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生,就用不定式的被动式;c)如果动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,就用现在分词、动名词或不定式的完成被动式。【模拟试题】(答题时间:40分钟)一、选择题:1.______inthematriculationforpostgraduateinashorttimeisreallyahardnut.A.TomakehighscoresC.TomakelowgoalB.MakinghighscoresD.Makinglowgoal2.Ifound________toanswerallthequestionswithinthetimegiven.A.nopossibilityC.impossibleB.therewasimpossibilityD.itimpossible3.Thestudentsexpectedthere_____morereviewingclassesbeforethefinalexams.A.isB.beingC.havebeenD.tobeEnglishasmuchas4.You’regoingtoEnglandnextyear.Youshouldnowpractise______possible.A.speakB.tospeakC.speakingD.speakabout5.Ifwedon’tstartoutnow,wemustrisk______thetrain.A.missBmissingC.beingmissedDtomiss6.Theflexibilityoffilmallowstheartist_______unstrainedimaginationtotheanimationofcartooncharacters.A.tobringB.bringC.isbroughtD.brings7.Althoughthelecturehadalreadybeenonforfiveminutes,Istillwasnotabletofindachair____.A.tositB.fortositonC.tositonD.forsitting8.Surelyherdaughterwouldmakeanevenbiggereffort______her?A.pleaseB.pleasedC.topleaseD.havingpleased9.Lotsofemptybootswerefoundundertheoldman’sbed.Hemusthavedonenothingbut______.A.drinkB.todrinkC.drinkingD.drunk10.Thelocalhealthorganizationisreported___twenty-fiveyearsagewhenDr.Adudonbecameitsfirstpresident.B.beingsetupD.havingbeensetupA.tobesetupC.tohavebeensetup11.Iheardhim__thedoor.A.lockingB.tolockC.lockD.beinglocking12.Hedoesnothingbut___.A.complainingB.tocomplainingC.complainD.tocomplain13.The