名词性从句NounClauses一.基础定义和连接词1.名词性从句:就是在句子中起名词作用的从句。2.名词性从句包括4种从句:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。从高考的考查的实际情况来看,名词性从句考得最多的是宾语从句,其次是主语从句,再次是表语从句,而同位语从句则很少考查。[判断]以下从句类型:1)ThetruthisthatIhavebeenthere.()2)Thefactthatshewaslatesurprisedus.()3)Thathewillcomeiscertain.()4)Iknowthathewillcome.()3.名词性从句的连接词有:从属连词(不做成分):that(无意义),whether,if(是否)….连接代词(在从句中做主,宾,表,定):what,who,whom,whose,which,whatever,whoever,whichever连接副词(在从句中做状语):when,where,how,why二.名词性从句位置和特点主语从句:1.可直接放在句首。2.主语较长时通常用It作形式主语,而将主语从句放在后面。1).heknowsJapaneseisknowntoall.2).surprisedmewastoseehimhere.3)heiscomingdoesn’tmattermuch.4)Itremainsasecrettheyclimbedupthemountain.宾语从句:可做动词,介词和部分(表情感态度的)形容词词的宾语。Iwanttoknowwhenwewillstart.Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.I’mafraid(that)Ihavemadeamistake.注意:如果宾语从句后面有宾补要使用it作形式宾语而将从句放到宾补后面。常见的可以接it形式宾语的动词有:make,think,find,feel,consider等Hemadeitclearthathewasdeterminedtoresign.Ithoughtitstrangethathedidn’tcallme.表语从句:1.位于系动词动词之后。常见此类系动词有be,look,seem,appear等Itseemsthatshehasknownthetruth.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.Thisschoolisnolongerwhatitwasbefore.2.主语是reason时,表语从句常用that引导,不用because引导。Thereasonforhisabsencewashewasill.3.表语从句可以用asif,asthough,和because引导e.g.Itseemedasifhehaddonesomethinggreat.Thatisbecausehehasgotlost.4.注意下面句型的习惯译法:ThisiswhereLuXunoncelived.Thatwashowtheywonthematch.Thisiswhyshegotupsoearlythismorning.同位语从句:1.位于名词之后,通常为含义,概念名词,解释说明它的含义和内容。这样的名词有:belief,fact,hope,idea,doubt,news,conclusion,problem,information,opinion,promise,truth,suggestion…2.同位语从句与定语从句的区别:1)从意义上讲前者对名词加以补充说明,后者对名词加以修饰和限定。2)同位语从句的引导词不可省略,定语从句的引导词有时可省略。3)同位语从句的引导词that在从句中不充当任何成分,定语从句的引导词在从句中必须充当一定成分。判断下面从句类型:Wewereexcitedaboutthenews(that)hehadtoldus.()Wewereexcitedaboutthenewsthathehadpassedtheexam.()Thefactthattheyoungmanhadbeenaprisonerastonishedher.()Thefactthatwasunbelievableastonishedeveryone.()Thequestionwhohelpedusoutofdifficultyremainstobeanswered.()Thequestionwhichheaskedremainstobeanswered.()三.名词性从句的主要考点1.名词性从句要用陈述语序。尤其是含疑问意义的wh-类的词引出的从句要倍加注意。e.g.Whywasshecrying?Idon’tknowwhyhewascrying.2.that引导宾语语从句时可省略,引导其他从句一般不可省略。[判断]下面那个that可以省略?1)Iknowthathewillcomesoon.2)ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntousall.3)Theproblemisthatwedon’thaveenoughmoney.4)SheexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaoneday.[注意]由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二个that不省略.Hetoldme(that)hewouldcomeandthathewouldcomeontime.3.whether和if的选择问题A.whether能引导所有名词性从句;if只能引导宾语从句(也可引导不位于句首的主语从句)B.介词后的宾语从句只能用whether不能用if。C.whether能和ornot连用,而if不可以D.whether常与or连用表示一种选择,if不能这样;E.whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。[填空]用whether和if填空1)Idon’tknowhewillcome.2)Ihavenotdecidedtogoornot.3)Italldependsontheywillcomeback.4.what引导名词性从句时可有两种意义:保持原有的疑问意义,表示“什么”。Idon’tknowwhathewants.表示“……的东西,…..的事情”。That’swhathewants.5.who引导的名词性从句译为“谁…的事”---指事。Whoever引导的名词性从句译为“任何…的人”---指人。[翻译句子]e.g.Whowillbesenttherehasn’tbeendecided.Whoeverwillbesenttherewillbepaidalot.6.which和what引导定语从句的区别:Which有范围,表示一定范围内的“哪一个…”What没有范围,直接翻译成“什么….”e.g.Idon’tknowwhatyouwant.Therearetwobooks.Canyoutellmewhichyouwant?7.名词性从句的时态问题1.当主句的谓语动词是过去式时,宾语从句若不是一个客观事实或真理,其谓语动词也必须用某种过去时态。如:Shesaidthatshe(do)wanttoknow.她说她不想知道。Iaskedherwhethershe(will)agree.我问她是否会同意2.when,if引导名词性从句且表示将来意义时,要直接使用将来时态;但当它们引导状语从句且表示将来意义时,则必须用一般现在时表示将来意义。如:Idon’tknowwhenhewillcome,butwhenhecomes,I’llcallyou.句中第一个when引导的是从句,故用将来时态表示将来意义;第二个when引导的是从句,故用一般现在时表示将来意义。