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高中英语语法知识词法部分讲解---------代词及练习一.概念:代词是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的词,英语的代词使用得很广泛；汉语代词用得较英语少许多。eg.①Becausehehadabadcold,Jackdecidedtostayinbedthewholeday.②TheBrownssaidtheymightmovetoCalifornia.③Bobalwaysanswershisteacher’squestionswell;thatshowsthatheworksveryhardathome.④Ihadachatwithourgroupleader.Itwasveryhelpful.二、代词的种类：按其意义,特征及其在句中的作用分为:1.人称代词(personalpronoun):主格:Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格:meyouhimheritusyouthem2.物主代词(possessivepronoun):形容词性:myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性:mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs3.反身代词(reflexivepronoun):单数:myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfoneself复数:ourselvesyourselvesthemselves4.相互代词(reciprocalpronoun):eachother;oneanother5.指示代词(demonstrativepronoun):单数:thisthatitsuchsame复数:thesethosesuchsame6.疑问代词(interrogativepronoun):who;whom;whose;which;what。7.关系代词(relativepronoun):who;whom;whose;which;that;as。8.不定代词(indefinitepronoun):some;something;somebody;someone;any;anything;anybody;anyone;no;nothing;nobody;noone;every;everything;everybody;everyone;each;much;many;little;alittle;few;afew;other;another;all;none;one;both;either;neither。三、相关知识点精讲1.人称代词:1)人称代词的人称、行、数和格,如下表所示:数人格称单数主格第一人称I我第二人称you你第三人称阳性阴性中性2)人称代词的指代:顾名思义,人称代词表示人。然而，人称代词并不全指人，也指物。eg.----Wherearetheplates?---Theyareinthecupboard.3)人称代词的功用:(i)有主格和宾格之分,通常主格作主语,宾格作宾语。eg.①Iliketabletennis.(作主语)②Doyouknowhim?(作宾语)(ii)人称代词还可作表语,作表语时用宾格。eg.---Whoisknockingatthedoor?---It'sme.(iii)人称代词后,如跟有who或that引导的从句,则常用主格。eg.It’sIwhodidit.(iv)人称代词单独使用时,一般不用主格而用宾格。eg.①---I’dliketogobackinhere.----Me,too.②---Willanyonegowithhim?----Notme.(v.)人称代词在as和than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时,如果用作介词,用宾格。如果用作连词，则用主格。eg.①Heisolderthanme./HeisolderthanIam.②Edwardisasgoodastudentashim./Youaretallerthansheis.(vi)在感叹句中,人称代词宾格可用作主语,起强调作用。eg.①Megetcaught！②HimgototheStates！(vii)we和you可用作同位结构的第一部分。也使用we和you泛指一般人eg.①Wegirlsoftengotothemoviestogether.②Heaskedyouboystobequiet.(viii)使用she代表国家、船只、月亮、大地等eg.Chinaisagreatcountry．Shehasalonghistory．(Xi)并列主语或宾语中顺序是：you，he(she)andI；we，youandtheyeg：----Iloveyoumorethanher,child.----Youmeanmorethan_________loveherormorethansheloves_________A.you；meB.I；youC.you；youD.I；me2.物主代词：1)表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词.物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。2)形容词性物主代词的作用：(i)形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,可在句中作定语。eg.①Ourteacheriscomingtoseeus.②Thisisherpencil-box.(ii)与own连用其强调作用。eg.①Isawitwithmyowneyes.②Mindyourownbusiness!***如进一步强调可加very。eg.I’dlovetohavemyveryownroom.***此结构还可以与of连用。eg.①Ihavenothingofmyown.②TheWangshadnochildrenoftheirown.(iii)形容词性物主代词有时可有定冠词the代替。eg.①Hereceivedablowonthehead.②Abeestungheronthenose.③How’sthefamily?3)名词性物主代词的作用:(i)名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词,在句中可用作主语,宾语和表语。eg.①Ourschoolishere,andtheirsisthere.(作主语)②---IsthisEnglish-bookyours?(作表语)---No.Mineisinmybag.(作主语)③I'vealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Haveyoufinishedyours?(作动词宾语)④Herdaughterisratherstupid,butbothofyoursareveryclever.(作介词宾语)(ii)用作礼貌用语。eg.①Yourssincerely(truly,faithfully).您的忠诚的(忠实的,可以信赖的)。(信尾)②AHappyNewYeartoyouandyoursfrommeandmine.(iii)of+名词性物主代词:@表部分概念:eg.Heisafriendofmine./Isheaneighborofyours?构成双重所有格@有感情色彩:eg.Lookatthatbignoseofhis!/Thisdogofoursneverbites.3.反身代词:英语中用来表示我自己,你自己,他自己,我们自己,你们自己等意义的代词称为反身代词,也有人称之为自身代名词。1)反身代词的作用:(i)作动词的宾语,表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者,主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。eg.①Hecalledhimselfawriter.②WouldyoupleaseexpressyourselfinEnglish?③Sheallowedherselfarest.④Youmayhurtyourselfifyouplaywiththeknife.⑤Wegaveourselvesup.⑥LittleTomisonlyfour,buthecanfeedhimself,washhimselfanddresshimself.(ii)作介词的宾语。eg.①Thedooropenedofitself.②Youmustkeepthesecrettoyourself.***表位置的介词后,反身代词用人称代词宾格替代。eg.①Ilookedaroundme.②Heshutthedoorafterhim.③Themotherdrewthechildrentowardsher.****在某些介词之后,用反身代词和人称代词宾格均可。eg.①Thereareseveninthefamilybesidesme/myself.②Exceptforus/ourselves,thewholevillagewasasleep.③Sandra’ssisteriseventallerthanher/herself.(iv.)作表语。eg.①Itdoesn'tmatter.I'llbemyselfsoon.②Thegirlinthenewsismyself.③Thatpoorboywasmyself.④Bobisnotquitehimselftoday.(v.)作主语或宾语的同位语,表示亲自或本人.eg.①Imyselfwashedtheclothes.(=Iwashedtheclothesmyself.)(作主语同位语)②Youshouldasktheteacherhimself.(作宾语同位语)/Imyselfcanrepairthebike.(作主语同位语)(vi.)反身代词与介词的搭配用法:@foroneself:亲自eg.You’llhavetoseeifhehasgonetoschoolforyourself.@ofoneself:自动地eg.Thecomputercanshutoffofitself.@inoneself:本质、本身eg.Jimisnotbadinhimself,butheisalittleshy./buthe’ssoweak-minded.(优柔寡断)@tooneself:独自享用eg.Onewouldratherhaveabedroomtooneself.@byoneself(=alone;withouthelp):单独地eg.Onecan’tplaytennisbyoneself.@besideoneself:(由于气愤/激动等)发狂;忘形eg.Hewasbesidehimselfwithjoywhenheheardhehadpassedtheexam.@betweenoneselves:保密;不外传eg.Betweenourselves,IthinkMr.Smithhasnotquitegotoverhisillnessyet.(vii)反身代词与动词的搭配用法:@beoneself:处于正常状态;显得自然eg.①Sheisquiteherselftoday.②I'mnotquitemyselftoday．我今天不大舒服。@enjoyoneself:玩得愉快eg.①Weallenjoyedourselvesatthepartyyesterday.②Haveyouenjoyedyourselftoday?你今天玩得愉快吗？@seatoneself:坐下eg.Pleaseseatyourselves,everybody!@dressoneselfin…:穿……eg.Shealwaysdressesherselfinred.@helponeself:随便吃……;自行取用eg.①Themoneywasonthetableandnoonewasthere,sohehelpedhimselftoit.②Don'tgetnervous，helpyourselftowhatyoulike．别紧张，喜欢吃什么就吃什么。@cometooneself:苏醒eg.Amomentlater,hecametohimself.@makeoneselfathome:不要客气eg.①Hemadehimselfathomewheneverhecametomyhome.②Makey