应力路径与三轴试验•路径:某物通过或移动的路线•Path:Therouteorcoursealongwhichsomethingtravelsormoves。XY•应力路径:加载过程中应力点的轨迹。•StressPath:Trajectoryofstresspointsduringloading.P’q应力路径表示方法1)直角坐标系统2)直角坐标系统3)直角坐标系统4)直角坐标系统13pqst1()a3()ro31坐标系统中的应力路径三轴压缩试验(排水)破坏线13o4513坐标系统中的应力路径1313三轴压缩试验(排水)破坏线12313233ppqo13q1313323qpqppq坐标系统中的应力路径破坏线1313三轴压缩试验(排水)Meannormalstress平均正应力Deviatoricstress偏应力132ssto132t1313212tstsst坐标系统中的应力路径破坏线1313三轴压缩试验(排水)三轴试验的应力路径三轴压缩(TriaxialCompression)三轴拉伸(TriaxialExtension)排水试验(DrainedTest)不排水试验(UndrainedTest)三轴试验加载方式排水条件总应力路径(TotalStressPath)有效应力路径(EffectiveStressPath)应力路径12313233p13qpqo1313323qpqp13三轴压缩(排水)pqo1313'2'()2()'33uuppu1313'''()()quuq'u有效应力原理:(,)Apq三轴压缩(不排水)u'(',)Apqpqo3112313233p13q1313323qpqp三轴拉伸(排水)例题1•Aconsolidated-undrainedtriaxialtestonaspecimenofsaturatedclaywascarriedoutunderanall-roundpressureof600kN/m2.Consolidationtookplaceagainstabackpressure(反压力)of200kN/m2.Thefollowingresultswererecordedduringthetest.Drawthestresspathsar(kN/m2)080158214279319u(kN/m2)200229277318388433323ararqpStresspaths01002003004005000100200300400500600700800p,p'(kPa)q(kPa)EffectiveStressPathTotalStressPathA(626.7,80)A’(397.7,80)例题2•对一个砂土试样做三轴压缩试验,先在排水条件下对土样施加固结压力至200kN/m2。然后在不排水条件下增加三轴室的压力至350kN/m2。这时量测到的孔隙水压力u=144kN/m2。然后在不排水条件下增加轴向压力直到土样破坏。试验数据如下表。•1.绘制偏应力和轴向应变的关系;•2.在p–q空间绘制总应力和有效应力路径;•3.在–空间绘制破坏时的总应力和有效应力摩尔圆以及摩尔—库伦强度包线,计算该砂土的剪切强度参数(内摩擦角);•5.确定孔隙水压力系数B的数值,绘制孔隙水压力系数A随轴向应变变化的关系,确定土样破坏时孔隙水压力系数A的数值。轴向应变e1(%)0246810轴向压力差1-3(kN/m2)0201252275282283孔隙水压力u(kN/m2)14424424022221220901002003004000100200300400500600ESPTSPCSL00.10.20.30.40.50.6024681012AxialStrain(%)AValue-3.5-3-2.5-2-1.5-1-0.500.51024681012AxialStrain(%)AValue相对于起点相对于上一级荷载各向异性固结Anisotropicconsolidation•Anisotropicconsolidation•各向异性固结1113332221213hrvarararaararakqkpk•k0consolidation•k0固结0000113332221213hrvarararaararakkqpkNolateraldeformation•AnisotropicconsolidationandK0consolidation•各向异性固结与K0固结p’IsotropicConsolidationq/p’=0qAnisotropicConsolidation(q/p=0,K0Condition,nolateralstrain)AnisotropicConsolidationq/p=各向同性压缩各向异性压缩一维压缩k0压缩aaaakakak0kk1k01kk0kk00000Maak材料:各向同性k≤11312kkp’qM00M0000kk01kk0kkMohr-CoulombFailureEnvelopeinp-qSpacetanffc13131313cos2tansin222fff’13213()2’3’1’c’(,)ffMohr-CoulombFailureEnvelopeinp-qSpace•SubstitutingEqs.2and3intoEq.1yields131313cossintan222c13131313tancos2tansin222fffffc(1)(2)(3)(4)Mohr-CoulombFailureEnvelopeinp-qSpaceRearrangeEq.4givesNotehere’1isthemajorprincipalstressand’3istheminorprincipalstress.13cos1sin21sin1sincMohr-CoulombFailureEnvelopeinp-qSpaceFortriaxialcompression,Therefore,wehaveSubstitutingEq.5intoEq.4resultsin13,ar132/3/3pqpq1313(2)/3(2)/3ararpq()6sin()3sintanfccqp(5)(6)Mohr-CoulombFailureEnvelopeinp-qSpaceFortriaxialextension,Therefore,wehaveSubstitutingEq.7intoEq.4resultsin13,ra13/32/3pqpq3131(2)/3(2)/3ararpq()6sin()3sintanfecqp(7)(8)Mohr-CoulombFailureEnvelopeinp-qSpace’’ac’a’r’3f’1f’3f’1f’f(e)’f(c)f(e)f(c)TriaxialCompression三轴压缩TriaxialExtension三轴拉伸Mohr-CoulombFailureEnvelopeinp-qSpace•Therefore,theMohr-Coulombfailureenvelopeinthep-qspaceisasfollowsq6sin3sincMp’6sin3sineM11TCTEMohr-CoulombFailureEnvelopeinp-qSpace•ThefailurestressratioM=|q/p’|undertriaxialcompressionisdifferentfromthatundertriaxialextension:3sin3sinceMMMohr-CoulombFailureEnvelopeinp-qSpace•Ifc=0(sandornormallyconsolidatedclay),thefailureenvelopeisasfollows:q6sin3sincMp’6sin3sineM11例题•一个粘性土样本受一维压缩从O状态变化到A状态(如图所示)。在此一维原始压缩(virgincompression)过程中,假设土的侧向土压力系数可根据Jaky等式(Jaky’sequation为,其中为径向有效正应力,为轴向有效正应力,为土的内摩擦角)近似计算。如果该土样在三轴压缩条件下,临界状态线的坡度,确定一维初始压缩线OA的坡度以及在压缩过程中土的侧向土压力系数。01sinrakra1.25MM0Oqp’A