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定语从句theAttributiveClauseThemanwholivesnexttoussellsvegetables.先行词放置于名词之_____，修饰名词的从句关系代词连接作用1.2.在从句中充当成分后关系代词的指代关系指人指物在定语从句中的作用WhoWhomWhichthatwhose√√主语宾语宾语主语宾语主语宾语定语√√√√√关系副词的指代关系指地点指时间指原因Where=in/atwhichWhen=at/in/onwhichWhy=forwhich定语从句TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性定语从句TheNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause非限制性定语从句1．限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分隔开。限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。a)Whatisthenameofthetallwomanwhoisstandingthere?b)Torontoisacity(that)I’vealwayswantedtovisit.2．非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that引导。非限制性定语从句中，关系词不可省略。a)Rome,whichisthecapitalofItaly,hasaverylonghistory.b)YesterdayImetProfessorKing,whocamefromtheUniversityofLondon.c)Helentmeadictionary,whichwasjustwhatIneeded.3.大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语，而特殊场合非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句常由which/as引导。Amiddle-agedwomankilledherhusband,whichfrightenedmeverymuch.Theywonthegame,asweallexpected.1.指物时只用that或which的情况2.修饰人时that,whom,who的区别3.whose用法及转换形式4.as与which在非限制性定从中的区别5.介词+关系代词6.如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词7.定语从句中的主谓一致问题常见考点考点一修饰物体时关系代词that和which的区分使用that的情况：•1、当先行词是nothing,something,anything,all,each，both，few，little等不定代词时。•Doyouhaveanythingthatisimportanttotellme?•Wehadlittlethatwecouldfindtoeat.2、当先行词被all,any,some,no,not,every,each等修饰时。Ihavesomebooksthatareverygood.3、当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。ThisisthefirstbookthatIboughtmyself.ThebiggestbirdthatIcaughtisthisbird.4、主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时Whichisthebikethatyoulost?Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting？5、当先行词在从句和主句中都作表语时,无论先行词是人还是物.Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatshewas.6、如有两个定语从句,其中一个已用which引导,另一个宜用that.Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.7、在therebe句型中,只用that.ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.8、当先行词被thevery,thelast,thenext,theonly等词修饰时。ThisistheverybookthatIlostyesterday.9、当先行词又有人又有物时。Iwon’tforgetthethingsandthepersonsthatIsaw.1、非限制性定语从句中。Maryhasabook,whichisveryprecious.2、在介词之后。Thisisahouseinwhichlivesanoldman.3、当主句中的主语被that修饰时。ThatdogwhichIfoundinthestreetbelongstoMary.只能使用which的情况考点二修饰人时关系代词that和who,whom的区分。1.当主句中的主语是who时，只能用that。•Whoisthegirlthatisstandingoverthere?•Ihaveason,whoisreallylovelyandinteresting.•Thereare40studentsintheclass,mostofwhomareboys.2.在非限制性定语从句中以及介词后面时不能用that。Anyone_____breaksthelawispunished.Those_____breakthelawarepunished.He_____breaksthelawispunished.3.在anyone,those,he/she/I/they作先行词时,用”who”代替“that”.whowhowho考点三Whose用法及转换形式1.whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。That’sthechildwhosefatherisateacher.Doyouknowthewomanwhosehusbandisadoctor?Thisisabookwhosecoverisgreen.2.whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。3.whose的先行词指物时,可用ofwhich代替,但词序不同，即whose+名词=the+n+ofwhich=ofwhich+the+n.Helivesintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.=Helivesintheroom,facessouth.=Helivesintheroom,facessouth.thewindowofwhichofwhichthewindowTheyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,thedoorofwhichopentothesouth.考点四as与which引导的定语从句两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。1.关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。Asweallknow,theearthisround.2.当与such或thesame连用时，一般用as。Suchbooksasyoutellmeareinteresting.Ihavethesameplanasyou.3.as引导的从句可以放在句首,as本身有“正如…..正象…”之意，与之连用的词有know,see,expect,announce,pointout等。e.g.Asweallknow,theearthisround.4.当从句和主句语义一致时用as,反之则用which。e.g.Shehasmarriedagain,aswasexpected.e.g.Shehasmarriedagain,whichwasunexpected.考点五介词+关系代词1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系e.g.Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles?2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配e.g.CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichI’msure.WritearticlesforthenewspaperBesureabouttheidioms3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯Befoundedintheyeare.g.1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.ThemanisfromBeijingUniversity.Italkedabouthimatthemeeting.Theman(who/whom/that)ItalkedaboutatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity..Jointhemintoonesentence.=ThemanaboutItalkedatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity.关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用that，也不能省略，常用which或whom。该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。whom但遇固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不作前置Isthisthebook(which/that)youarelookingfor?Fillingblanks:1.Theman__________youshookhandsjustnowisourheadmaster.2.Theroom__________myfamilyliveusedtobeagarage.withwhominwhich考点六:如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词?选用定语从句的关系词时，需注意两点：1.先行词2.关系词在从句中充当的成分做主语，宾语，定语用做状语用关系代词关系副词Iwillneverforgettheday_____Ifirstwenttoschool.Iwillneverforgettheday__________wespentinBeijing.Thehouse__________wevisitedisbeingrepairednow.Thehouse______Luxunoncelivedisbeingrepairednow.when(which/that)(which/that)whereThisisthefactory.Weworkedinthefactorylastyear.Thisisthefactoryinwhichweworkedlastyear.=Thisisthefactorywhereweworkedlastyear.I’llneverforgettheday.Wemeteachotherontheday.I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichwemeteachother.=I’llneverforgetthedaywhenwemeteachother.Thisisthereason.Hedidn’tcomeforthereason.Thisisthereasonforwhichhedidn’tcome=Thisisthereasonwhyhedidn’tcome考点七:定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。1.Iamnotonewho______afraidofdifficulty．2.Don’tchooseme,who_______notfitforthisjob．isamMr．Smithisoneofthoseforeignerswho____workinginChina.Mr．Smithistheonlyoneofthoseforeignerswho____workinginChina.a.isb.hasc.haved.areda1.定语从句的位置:先行词+关系词+定语从句小结:2.关系词的选择a.确定先行词b.看先行词