2. 2011高考英语语法重难点

2011高考英语语法重难点1.冠词（4点）除复习冠词的基本用法外，其“例外”用法值得注意。1).表示“某一”的意思时，专有名词及月份、星期的名词前用a或an。例如：OnaSaturdaymorninghegotlostinthemountain.2).a/an+名词+修饰性的定语从句或介词短语。例如：Mrs.Taylorhas__8-year-olddaughterwhohas__giftforpainting—shehaswontwonationalprizes.a;aB.an;theC.an;aD.the;a又如：Forhim____stageisjust___meansofmakingaliving.a;aB.the;aC.the;theD.a;theThestage影员职业;goonthestage从事影艺职业;onstage在演出3).在句中第一次出现的名词不等于不特指，完全看语境的暗示。例如：—Iknockedovermycoffeecup.Itwentrightover__keyboard.—Youshouldn’tputdrinksnear__computer.A.the;不填B.the;aC.a;不填D.a;a4).music、nature、society前通常不用冠词，除非特指。例如：Iknowyoudon’tlike__musicverymuch.Butwhatdoyouthinkof__musicinthefilmwesawyesterday?A./;/B.the;theC.the;/D./;the2.形容词、副词（3点）1).几个形容词作定语的排序问题。理论上若干形容词可共同作一个名词的定语，其排列顺序是：描绘形容词+大小(长短高低)形容词+形状形容词+年龄(新旧)形容词+颜色形容词+国籍形容词+材料形容词+用途(类别)形容词+名词。例如：This__girlisLind’scousin.A.prettylittleSpanishB.SpanishlittleprettyC.SpanishprettylittleD.littleprettySpanish2).绝不能忽略less、least及worse,worst等表示“更少”、“最少”、“更糟”、“最糟”等概念的比较级和最高级的使用。例如：Alanisacarefuldriver,buthedrives___ofmyfriends.A.morecarefullyB.themostcarefullyC.lesscarefullyD.theleastcarefully3).cannot…too…无论……也不过分/cannot…more…再……不过了。例如：—MustIturnoffthegasaftercooking?—Ofcourse.Youcanneverbe___carefulwiththat.enoughB.tooC.soD.very—Goforapicnicthisweekend,OK?—__.Ilovegettingclosetonature.A.Icouldn’tagreemoreB.I’mafraidnotC.IbelievenotD.Idon’tthinkso3.代词(2点)1)指代词指一种情况:例如：I’dappreciate__ifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.A.thatB.itC.thisD.you又如：Ihate__whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.itB.thatC.theseD.them2).one、theone都可以作同位语。被说明的名词为特指时，同位语用theone，反之则用one。例如：Mymostfamousrelativeofall,___whoreallylefthismarkonAmerica,wasRobSussel,mygreatgrandfather.oneB.theoneC.heD.someone4.动词的时态（4点）1).时间、条件状语从句中的谓语动词可以用完成时替代将来时。例如：—__leaveattheendofthismonth.—Idon’tthinkyoushoulddothatuntil__anotherjob.A.I’mgoingto;you’dfoundB.I’mgoingto;you’vefoundC.I’ll;you’llfindD.I’ll;you’dfind2).一般过去时可以与段时间连用。例如：I___inLondonformanyyears,butI’veneverregrettedmyfinaldecisiontomovebacktoChina.A.livedB.waslivingC.havelivedD.hadlived3).Itis/wasthefirst/second…time+完成时。例如：—Doyouknowourtownatall?—No,thisisthefirsttimeI___here.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming4).表示思维的动词，如：think、want、hope、plan、intend、mean、suppose等可以用过去完成时或一般过去时表示事与愿违的情况。例如：—Ouch!Youhurtme!—Iamsorry.ButI__anyharm.I__todrivearatout.A.didn’tmean;triedB.don’tmean;amtryingC.haven’tmeant;triedD.didn’tmean;wastrying5.情态动词（2点）1).表示猜测、推测：●must用在肯定句中；●can,could用在疑问句中；●may,might,can,could用在肯定句或否定句中。may、might侧重从事实的角度做出猜测，而can、could则侧重从逻辑角度做出猜测。例如：Helen__goonthetripwithus,butsheisn’tquitesureyet.A.shallB.mustC.mayD.can又如：—I’vetakensomeoneelse’sgreensweaterbymistake.—It__Harry’s.Healwayswearsgreen.A.hastobeB.willbeC.mustn’tbeD.couldbe2).表示埋怨、责怪：●should(not)+havedone●ought(not)to+havedone●could+havedone●needn’t+havedone例如：—Mycat’sreallyfat.—You__havegivenhersomuchfood.A.wouldn’tB.couldn’tC.shouldn’tD.mustn’t6.非谓语动词(7点)1)非谓语动词的基本概念:例如：Therehavebeenseveralnewevents__totheprogramforthe2008BeijingOlympicGames.A.addB.toaddC.addingD.added2)英汉结构的差异:如：Don'tsitthere__nothing.Comeandhelpmewiththistable.A.doB.todoC.doingD.anddoing3).非谓语动词的时间差●todo表示经常、将要或正在进行的动作，tobedoing强调正在进行,tohavedone则表示已经发生的动作。●doing表示经常或正在进行的动作，havingdone表示已经完成的动作。●done表示已经完成的动作。4)非谓语动词的辩义:例如：__thiscake,you'llneed2eggs,175gsugarand175gflour.A.HavingmadeB.MakeC.TomakeD.Making再如：5)非谓语的时间差:Afterhebecameconscious，heremembered__and__ontheheadwitharod.A.toattack;hitB．tobeattacked；tobehitC.attacking；behitD.havingbeenattacked；hit6).独立主格结构●独立主格结构的构成形式；●独立主格结构的逻辑主语。例如：Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons__fortheday.A.finishingB.finishedC.hadfinishedD.werefinished又如：Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork___,hegladlyacceptedit.A.finishedB.finishingC.havingfinishedD.wasfinished再如：—Comeon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.—Sorry.Withsomuchwork___mymind,Ialmostbreakdown.A.filledB.fillingC.tofillD.beingfilled7).非谓语动词作状语为已知条件，在选择句子时，要考虑句子的主语与非谓语动词的逻辑关系。例如：Facedwithabillfor$10,000,__.A.JohnhastakenanextrajobB.thebosshasgivenJohnanextrajobC.anextrajobhasbeentakenD.anextrajobhasbeengiventoJohn8).下列动词短语中的to为介词：objecttobe/getusedtobededicatedto（专注于）bedevotedtolookforwardtocontributetopayattentiontobeadjustedto（适应于）beadaptedto（适合于）getdowntosticktoprefer…to例如：Isn’tittimeyougotdownto__thepapers?A.markB.bemarkedC.beingmarkedD.marking9).现在分词、不定式都可以作结果状语的区别。例如：Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly___thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told又如：Weoftenprovideourchildrenwithtoys,footballsorbasketballs,___thatallchildrenlikethesethings.A.thinkingB.thinkC.tothinkD.thought10).need/want/require/deserve+doing/tobedone例如：Asaresultoftheseriousflood,two-thirdsofthebuildingsinthearea___.A.needrepairingB.needstorepairC.needsrepairingD.needtorepair7.名词性从句与定语从句的辨析(4点)1).what不能引导定语从句。例如：Youcanonlybesureof___youhaveatpresent;youcannotbesureofsomething___youmightgetinthefuture.A.that;whatB.what;/C.which;thatD./;that2).as、which在引导非限定性定语从句时的异同点。例如：Theownerofthecinemaneededtomakealotofimprovementsandempl