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《托福考试官方指南》指出，一个好的引言能完成下列几项任务：1.能引起读者的兴趣2.告诉读者文本总的话题3.告诉读者本文的主旨1.首先，文章要使用些能吸引读者（阅卷人）注意力的首段2.其次，要交代关于本文话题的一些背景信息3.最后，要以一句话陈述本文的主题（Thesisstatement）,而且，如果合适的话，在主题陈述句中预览本文的主要观点。简言之，首段要短3-4句话、有趣并统领全文UniversitiesintheUnitedStateshavelonghadcourseevaluationstohelpstudentsmakedecisionsasto关于whichclassestotake.Itisnolongeraquestionofwhetherschoolsshouldaskstudentstoratetheirteachers’work,butsimplyhowandtowhatextent.Asfarasteachingqualityisconcerned,Ifullysupportthedecisiontorequirestudentstoassesstheirteachers’performance.第一句话交代了关于本文话题——学生评价老师的一些背景信息，吸引读者的注意力；第二句话复述了题目最后一句做了主题陈述GeneralbackgroundTopicThesisStatement1234511Definition：写作按照从大范围到小范围、从概括到具体的“漏斗型”模式展开。文章在开始提供概括性北京信息，接着过渡到本文的具体话题。要用好鱼钩，必须注意两点：第一，开始的背景信息不能过于宽泛笼统；第二，讨论文本的具体话题时要紧贴题目的要求。1Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Ifchildrenwanttodowellinschool,parentsshouldlimittheirhoursofwatchingTVprogramsormovies.Manyareconcernedabouttheinfluenceofnewtechnologiesonthequalityofeducationchildrenreceive,andthereisparticularconcernregardingtheinfluenceoftelevisionandmovies.(Generalbackground)Iagreewiththestatementabove;（Topic）ifchildrenaretodowellinschool,parentsshouldbeawareofandcontrolthenumberofhourstheirchildrenwatchtelevisionormovies,becauseofthenegativeeffectsuchformsofentertainmentcanhaveonachild’seducation.（TS）1Somestudentsprefertostudyalone.Othersprefertostudywithagroupofstudents.Whichdoyouprefer？•Choosingalearningstyleisapurelypersonaldecision.•Somestudentsprefertostudyindividuallyforbetterconcentration,whileotherswouldratherstudywithagroupofstudents.•Asforme,Iwouldopttostudywithothers,anapproachwhichprovidesmoreopportunitiesforfun,mutualhelp,andcriticalthinking.Regardingwhichlearningstyletoadopt,peoplehavedifferent,evendiametricallyoppositeviews.1Wouldyouprefertoliveinatraditionalhouseorinamodernapartmentbuilding？Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyourchoice.Choosingwhichtypeofhousetoliveinisapurelypersonaldecision.Somepeopleprefertoliveintraditionalhousesfortheirconvenientlocations,whileotherswouldratherliveinmodernapartmentbuildings.Asforme,Iwouldopttoliveinamodernbuilding,whichprovidesbetterutilities,greaterspace,andcheapermaintainances.1Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement？Patienceisusuallynotagoodstrategy.Weshouldtakeactionnowratherthanlater.•Theissueofalwaystakingimmediateactionishighlydebatable.•Ontheonehand,takingimmediateactionenablesustograspsomeone-of-alifetimeopportunitiessuchasgettingtheapartmentwewantorthelastminuteAirlineticket.Ontheotherhand,takingquickactionisnotappropriatebecausesomedecisionscallforresearchandcarefulconsiderationsuchaschoosingwhichuniversitytoattendorwhomtogettomarriedto.•However,intheultimateanalysis,Icontendthatwetakepromptactiontoensuresuccess.1Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement？Forsuccessfuldevelopmentofacountry,shouldagovernmentfocusitsbudgetmoreonVeryyoungchildren’seducationratherthanonuniversities？Theissueofinvestingineducation,youngchildren’seducationoruniversities,ishighlydebatable.Ontheonehand,earlyeducationshapesachild’slifelongdevelopment.Ontheotherhand,universityeducationdeterminesacountry’scompetitiveedge.However,intheultimateanalysis,Icontendthatthegovernmentshouldinvestmoreheavilyinuniversitiesforthefollowingreasons.1Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement？Forsuccessfuldevelopmentofacountry,shouldagovernmentfocusitsbudgetmoreonVeryyoungchildren’seducationratherthanonuniversities？Theissueofinvestingineducation,youngchildren’seducationoruniversities,ishighlydebatable.Ontheonehand,earlyeducationshapesachild’slifelongdevelopment.Ontheotherhand,universityeducationdeterminesacountry’scompetitiveedge.However,intheultimateanalysis,Icontendthatthegovernmentshouldinvestmoreheavilyinuniversitiesforthefollowingreasons.22问题鱼钩以提问的方式引出文章主题。这一手段像“漏斗鱼钩”一样容易使用。但使用这一鱼钩时，必须注意：问句不宜过多，一般不能超过三个，而且一定都要紧扣题目。1.提出问题：首先是设问或反问2.回答问题：然后回答3.陈述主题：最后即全文的主题陈述2Ithasbeensaid,”Noteverythingthatislearnediscontainedinbooks.”Compareandcontrastknowledgegainedfromexperiencewithknowledgegainedfrombooks.Inyouropinion,whichsourceismoreimportant?Why?Weallcraveknowledge,especiallyinthisAgeofinformation,butwhatisthebestsourceofknowledge?ArewetobelieveAlbertCamus,whostated“Theplacewearetogetknowledgeisinbooks”?OrarewebetterservedbyfollowingAlbertEinstein’scounselthat“Theonlysourceofknowledgeisexperience”?Althoughbookshavetheirplaceinone’slearning,thereisnosubstituteforexperience;indeed,itisexperiencethatisultimatelythemostimportantsourceofknowledge.如何设问？你的回答是？主题陈述是：来源是书本or实践？2Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Youngpeopletodayaremorelikelytogivetimeandefforttoimprovetheworldthanyoungpeoplewereinthepast.Willyoungpeoplenowadaysbemorecommittedtoimprovingtheworldthantheircounterpartsinthepast,asthetopicstatementclaims?Absolutely.Inviewoftheirgrowingglobalawareness,theirenhancedsenseofjusticeandobligations,andtheirgreaterrepertoireofskill,youngpeopleincontemporarysocietyaremorewillingandabletodedicatethemselvestobetteringtheworld.2Somestudentsprefertostudyalone.Othersprefertostudywithagroupofstudents.Whichdoyoupre