非谓语动词之动词不定式被动语态形

1非谓语动词之动词不定式被动语态形一、复习各种时态的被动语态★被动语态的基本结构:be+done（以thebook,publish为例）一般现在/过去时：Thebookis/waspublished.一般/过去将来时:Thebookwill/wouldbepublished.Thebookis/wasgoingtobepublished.现在/过去进行时：Thebookis/wasbeingpublished.现在/过去完成时:Thebookhas/hadbeenpublished.情态动词：Thebookcan/could/may/might…bepublished.二、不定式的被动式的基础知识：语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone进行式tobedoing没有被动语态完成进行式tohavebeendoing没有被动语态1）一般式：（not/never）tobedone2）完成式：（not/never）tohavebeendone（表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前）三、▲通常在believe,suppose,say,report等动词构成的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及被动语态和动词不定式的转换.如:TheysaythatMikeissickinbed.=ItissaidthatMikeissickinbed.=Mikeissaidtobesickinbed.据说麦克卧床不起.Peoplebelievethathewaskilled.=Itisbelievedthathewaskilled.=Heisbelievedtohavebeenkilled.大家相信他被杀了.四、当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者而非发出者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式(tobedone).语法功能：1．作主语：Itisanhonourformetobeaskedtospeakhere.2．作宾语：SheaskedtobesenttoworkinXinjiang.3．构成复合宾语：Hewantedthelettertobetypedatonce.Shedidn’tlikeherselftobepraisedlikethat.24．构成复合谓语：Thebooksarenotallowedtobetakenoutoftheroom.5．作定语：Areyougoingtothemeetingtobeheldintheteachers’office?6．作状语：Shewastooyoungtobeassignedsuchwork.五、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式tohavebeendone（表示该动作是发生在主句之前的一个被动动作），在句中作主语、宾语、定语，或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等，如：Itisagoodthingforhimtohavebeencriticized.（主语）Shepreferredtohavebeengivenheavierworktodo.(宾语)）Hethoughtitanhonourtohavebeeninvitedtotheparty.（复合宾语）Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.（复合谓语）Shewasthefirstwomantohavebeenelectedtosuchapost.（定语）六、不定式的主动形式表示被动1．Therebe结构中，用不定式的主动和被动式来修饰主语，区别不大。(多用主动形式)例如：Thereisalotofworktodo/tobedone.Thereisnotimetolose/tobelost.译：没有什么可担心的。________________________________Thereisnothingtoworryabout.注意以下两点：(1)如果不定式结构加了forsb.表示的逻辑主语时Therearestillmanyquestionsforustodiscuss.(us与discuss主谓关系，用主动todiscuss)Therearealotofreasonsforthebooktobepublished.(thebook与publish是动宾关系，用被动tobepublished)(2)某些动词(do,see)的不定式特殊用法时，两种形式所表示的意思不同。比较：Thereisnothingtodonow.(Wehavenothingtodonow.)Thereisnothingtobedonenow.(Wecandonothingnow.)Thereisnothingtosee.(Nothingisworthseeing.)Thereisnothingtobeseen.(Nothingisthereatall.)2．在“主语+be+adj+todo”句型中：常见的adj有hard，amusing，interesting，cheap，difficult，dangerous，easy，nice，important，pleasant.etc.Thatquestionisdifficulttoanswer.Heisanimpossiblepersontoworkwith．但若要强调句中的受事者，也可用不定式的被动式：Thehandwritingisdifficulttoberead.★注意：如果动词为不及物动词，则要注意介词的搭配。Johnisdifficulttodealwith.分析：_________(动)----________(宾)）译：这扶手椅坐起来很舒服。___________________________________这题目很难算出来。______________________________________Thearmchairiscomfortabletositin3Thequestionisdifficulttoworkout3.当上述第2题中形容词在句中作宾语补足语，后接不定式：Ifoundhimeasytogetalongwith.Theydon’tthinkthegameinterestingtoplay.Ifindthelecturedifficulttounderstand.4.在“too—todo;enough…to…”结构中。如：Theproblemistoodifficulttoworkout(tobeworkedout)．Thehouseisbigenoughtolivein.（不及物动词要补出相应的介词）但若要强调句中的受事者，也可用被动式：Thisboxistooheavytobelifted.5．在“with+n+todo”结构中。（和逻辑主语是主动关系）例如：Withnothingtodo，helayinbed．Withsomanyexercisestodo，Ican‘tgotothecinema．6．当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。例如：Ihaveameetingtoattend.。(toattend与I有主谓关系，即I是逻辑主语)Givehimsomebookstoread.(toread与him有主谓关系，即him是逻辑主语)如果不属于上述情况，则表示被动意义时仍需要用被动形式。试比较下面两句：1.Haveyouanythingtodothisafternoon?2.Haveyouanythingtobetakentothecity(bymeorsomeoneelse)?（totake与you没有主谓关系,即you不是逻辑主语）练习：填写括号中动词的适当形式1.Ihaveameeting______(attend)today.2.Hegavemesomebooks_______(read).3.I’mgoingtoBeijingnextweek.Doyouhaveanything__________(take)toyourparents?7．一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。常见的这类动词有let(出租)，rent，hire，blame等。例如：Thehouseistorent.Nobodywastoblamefortheaccident.但是，具有对比意义时，仍用被动形式。例如：Theroomistoberented,nottobesold.。Sheistobepraised,nottobeblamed.Exercise1.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains____whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen2.Ihurriedtothemeetinghall,only____thatthemeetinghadbeenputoff.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told3.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth,sheappears____everything.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentold4.LittleTomshouldlove____tothetheaterthisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking5.Withalotofproblems____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled6.He___andwasmadetorepeatit.A.didn’tunderstandB.didn’tbeunderstoodC.wasn’tunderstandD.wasn’tunderstood7.Thepupilshere____allkindsofexerciseseverydayinthepastfourweeks.A.keptbusydoingB.keepondoingC.havekeptbusydoingD.havebeenkeptbusydoing4语法检测一．根据括号内的动词填入正确形式。1.Itwilltakeseveralweeksforyourcomputerto____________(repair).2.Iknewhim___________________(catch)bythepolice.3.Avoteisrequired______________(take)inourcompanyatonce.4.Whensomemoneywentmissingfromthebank,Thomaswasbelieved______________(steal)it.7.Ihope_______________(admit)toZhongshanUniversity.8.Thebookissaidto____________________(translate)intoseverallanguages.9.Ifeelgreatlyhonored_________________(welcome)intotheirsociety.10.Comeon!Itisaneasysentence______________(translate).11.WhenIcamein,hepretendedto_____________.(read)13.MrsSmithwarnedherdaughter______________(notdrive)afterdrinking.14.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen______________(hear),butI’mgoingtostud