兰寿(Ranchu)金鱼疾病的预防和对策

兰寿(Ranchu)金鱼疾病的预防和对策DiseasePreventionandCountermeasuresofRanchuGoldfish重在预防PreventionisKey要饲养兰寿的话，所有人都会为鱼生病感到烦恼。越晚发现患病，鱼的生存率越低。早期发现、早期治疗自不必说，但在这之前最重要的是不要让鱼得病。为了明确预防的方法，在这里列出疾病预防的五大原则。EveryonewhowanttofeedRanchuwillbebotheredbysicknessofthefish.Thelaterdiscoveryofillness,thelowerrateforfishtosurvive.Whatmattermostistokeepfishhealthy,needlesstosayearlydetectionandtreatment.Here,thefiveprinciplesarelistedinordertoclarifythemethodofprevention.原则1饲养水的维持、管理不能懈怠Principle1Maintainingandmanagingthefeedingwatershouldnotbeenletup饲养水槽是兰寿唯一的生存环境。饲养水的状态与兰寿的健康息息相关。导致鱼得病的原因，除了从外部引入的特定病原体之外，就只有饲养水的管理不足了。FeedingtroughistheuniqelivingenvironmentforRanchu.TheconditionoffeedingwateriscloselyrelatedwithRanchu’shealth.Theonlycauseleadtofishdiseaseisthelackofmanagement,exceptofaspecificpathogenfromtheoutside.原则2多加注意防止引入疾病Principle2Paymoreattention,oryouwillleadindisease不论如何努力管理水质，如果带入了疾病就前功尽弃了。从外部引入疾病的途径有放入了外来的兰寿、使鱼混养等。在这时使用的网和容器也是原因之一。放入外来的鱼时，不但要作药浴，还要分开饲养一个季度。Ifinfectdisease,nomatterhoweffortswehaveputtomanagewaterquality,alltheworkwe'vedonewillbewasted.Theapproachsinfectingdiseasesfromoutsideareasfollows:putaforeignRanchuintothewater,polycultureoffishandsoon.eventheusingnetandcontainerthismomentisalsooneofthereasons.Notonlytomakemedicinebath,butalsokeepingaseparatequarterwhenleadingtheforeignfish.原则3进行预防药浴Principle3Preventivemedicinebath不同季节，鱼容易得的疾病也不同。如果了解疾病的早期症状，不但可以实现早期治疗，还可以通过药浴进行有效预防。Indifferentseasons,thediseasesthefishsusceptedarealsodifferent.Ifyouknowtheearlysymptomsofthedisease,notonlyearlytreatmentcanbeachieved,butalsocanbeeffectiveinpreventingdrugbath.原则4避免喂食过多饵料Principle4Avoidoffeedingtoomuchbait过多的饵料不但会加重内脏的负担，也会导致水质的腐败。要让鱼吃到八分饱，注意保持水质的稳定。Toomuchfeedwouldnotonlyincreasetheburdenofinternalorgans,waterqualitywillleadtocorruption.Allowfishtoeateighttokeepthewaterqualitystable.原则5经常留意健康情况Principle5Payattentiontohealthfrequently知识固然十分重要，但也要会活学活用。这就要靠平时的观察了。可以通过体表、泳姿、鳃部的运动等了解鱼的健康状态并迅速采取对策，防止鱼得病。请牢记以上疾病预防的五大原则！Knowledgeiscertainlyimportant,butalsowillliveforeverydaybyusualobservation.Throughthesurface,swimmingstroke,gillmovement,etc.tofindoutthehealthoffish,andtakepromptmeasurestopreventthefishgettingsick.Keepinmindofthefiveprinciplesofdiseasepreventionabove!季节的变化与疾病Seasonchanges&DiseaseA.春季的疾病A、thespringdisease到了春天，兰寿从冬眠中醒来。由于冬眠中没能进食，免疫力较为低下。这个时期需要注意的是由于饵料投放过多导致的肠炎以及由于水质腐败导致的细菌和原虫的滋生。15℃以下的冷天停止投饵，天气暖和时也需注意不要有剩饵。这一时期需要注意的有白点病(Ich）、烂尾病(tail-rotdisease)、水霉病(Saprolegniasis)等，如果在早期发现是比较容易治愈的。Inspring,Ranchuhavealowerimmunitywhentheywakeupfromhibernationwithouteatingsomething.Notethatthisperiodshouldnoteenteritiscausedbyputtingtoomuchbaitandbreedingofbacteriaandprotozoabecauseofcorruptionofwaterquality.Stopfeedingwhentheweatherdownsbelow15℃,andmakesuretherehavenoleftoverbaitwhentheweatheriswarm.Duringthisperiod,itshouldbenotedthatthereareIch,tail-rotdisease,Saprolegniasisandsoon,itisrelativelyeasytocureifhaveaearlydetection.B.夏季的疾病B、thesummerdisease由于水温上升，兰寿的体力和活动性都上升，免疫力也随之增高，但这是建立在饲养水的状态保持良好的基础之上的。水温上升致使水的腐败加快，需要通过换水保持水质。如果在这方面疏忽大意，能引发腮病的纤毛虫(ciliophora)、鞭毛虫（lagellate）就会大量滋生。另外，烂尾病(tail-rotdisease)、白云病(Costiasis)也需要引起注意。饵料不要有剩，并根据需要进行预防药浴。每天要仔细观察，感到有异样迅速采取对策。Asthewatertemperatureincreases,Ranchu’sstrengthandactivityareincreased,aswellasitsimmunity,butthisisbasedonkeepingagoodstateofwater.Itneedtomaintainwaterqualitybychangingthewaterwhenrisingwatertemperatureacceleratthecorruption.Ifthisisinadvertent,ciliophoraandlagellatethatleadtogilldiseasewillbreedinginalargenumber.Inaddition,tail-rotdiseaseandCostiasisalsoneedattention.Donothaveleftoverbait,andtakepreventivemedicinebathbasedonneed.Observedcarefullyeveryday,andtakepromptmeasureswhensomethingiswrong.C.秋季的疾病C、theautumndisease初秋天气凉爽，是最舒适的时期，但如果疏于管理饲养水，鱼就可能感染由纤毛虫(ciliophora)和鞭毛虫（lagellate）等原虫所引发的疾病。特别是在水温较低的晚秋时期有可能导致鱼的死亡，需要严格管理饲养水。这个时期由于秋雨降温会导致水温急剧下降，所以也需要留意白点病(Ich）的发生。Coolweatherinearlyautumnismostcomfortablely,butifnotwellmanagedthebreedingwater,thefishmaybeinfecteddiseasescausedbyciliophoraandlagellateandotherprotozoa.Especiallyinthelateautumnperiod,lowwatertemperaturemayleadfishtodie,thatshouldmanagethebreedingwaterstrictly.Duringthisperiod,coolingwatertemperatureinautumnwillleadtoasharpdecline,itisalsoimportanttopreventthehappeningofIch.D.冬季的疾病D、thewinterdisease由于冬季鱼的活动性降低，导致免疫力低下。需要注意的是白云病(Costiasis)和白点病(Ich）等。这些疾病也可以通过严格管理饲养水、进行预防药浴来防治。水池清扫、水质管理等维护工作，不但能预防冬季的疾病，其更重要的作用是防范春季疾病。鱼再怎么不活动、池底也会沉积污垢，因此在天气温暖时要排去池底的水，清理掉作为细菌温床的沉淀物。Inwinter,thefishactivitygoesdownthatleadingtolowimmunity.BecarefuleofCostiasisandIchandsoon.Thesediseasescanalsobepreventedthroughstrictlymanagingaboutbreedingwaterandtakingpreventivemedicinebath.Bycleaningthepool,controllingthewaterqualityandsoon,notonlycanpreventthediseaseinwinter,what’smoreimportantroleistopreventthediseaseinthespring.Fish,nomatterhowinactiveinthepoolwillbedepositeddirt,sowhentheweatheriswarm,drainingthebottomwaterandcleaningoutsedimentwhichworkasahotbedofbacteria.E.其他E、Others带鱼参加完研究会和品评会回来之后，要充分进行药浴并让鱼好好休养，注意不要从外部引入疾病。Afterattendingseminarsandtasting,youshouldtakepreventivemedicinebathsforfishtohaveagoodrest,andbecarefulnottointr