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I摘要生物医学信号指标与人体的健康息息相关，只有掌握其中规律才能更好的解决人体的健康问题。随着电子信息技术的发展和医学的不断进步，人们对高精度便捷式生物医学信号电子检测设备的需求越来越高。心率和体温是人体的两个重要指标，根据所学知识制作了此心率计。设计是基于单片机的数字人体心率计，从可实现性和经济性方面考虑，决定采用51单片机作为设计的主控芯片，使用红外光电传感器作为心率的采集模块，而体温的采集则使用18b20温度传感器，外加显示模块和功能选择模块。心率和体温的采集部位均为指尖，采集信号经单片机处理后输出给显示模块显示最终的结果。从硬件电路到程序设计，主要解决了如下的几个问题：1、心率信号由红外光电传感器采集，经过两级放大将原信号放大后，再由比较电路进行整形，输出能使单片机更好识别的脉冲波信号；2、体温信号由单线温度传感器18b20采集，采集数据经过转换计算后变为温度，最后单片机输出体温测量结果；3、测量的结果都是以数字形式输出，3位一体数码管显示结果，使测量结果的读取简单精确化；4、按键和程序的结合运用，使得心率计和体温计功能切换更加方便快捷。关键词：心率；体温；单片机；红外传感器；温度传感器IIAbstractBiomedicalsignalindexesandhumanhealtharecloselyrelated,onlytomasterthelawcanbettersolvethehealthproblemsofthehumanbody.Withthedevelopmentofelectronicinformationtechnologyandthedevelopmentofmedicine,thedemandforhighprecisionportablebiomedicalsignalelectronictestingequipmentismoreandmorehigh.Heartrateandbodytemperaturearetwoimportantindicatorsofthehumanbody,basedontheknowledgetomaketheheartratemeter.ThedesignofdigitalhumanbodyheartratemeterbasedonSCM,fromrealizationandeconomicconsiderations,decidedtoadoptthe51microcontrollerasthemaincontrolchip,theuseofinfraredphotoelectricsensorastheacquisitionmodule,heartrate,andbodytemperatureacquisitionusing18B20temperaturesensorissimple,andthedisplaymoduleandthefunctionmodule.Thesamplingpositionofheartrateandbodytemperaturewerethefingertips,signalacquisitionandprocessingbytheMCUoutputtothedisplaymoduletodisplaythefinalresults.Thehardwarecircuitdesignprocedures,mainlysolvesseveralproblemsasfollows:1,theheartratesignalbyinfraredphotoelectricsensoracquisition,aftertwogradegeneralrawsignalamplification,shapingbycomparisoncircuit,outputthepulsewavesignalmicrocontrollerbetterrecognition;2,thetemperaturesignalbyasingletemperaturesensor18B20acquisition,acquisitiondatathroughtheconversionintoatemperaturemeasurementresultsatlast,microcontrolleroutputtemperature;III3,themeasurementresultsareoutputindigitalform,oneof3digitaltubedisplayresults,readthemeasurementresultsofsimpleaccurate;Combiningthe4,keysandprogram,theheartratemeterandthermometerfunctionswitchingmoreconvenient.Keywords:heartrate,bodytemperature,singlechip,infraredsensor,temperaturesensorIV目录摘要·············································IAbstract···········································II目录·············································IV1绪论···········································11.1选题背景及意义······································11.2国内外研究现状和发展趋势····························21.3论文结构概括········································32设计方案及论证···································42.1方案一··············································42.2方案二··············································52.3方案论证············································63硬件电路概述及元器件介绍·························63.1硬件电路总方框图····································63.2单片机模块··········································73.3心率信号采集模块····································103.4体温信号采集模块····································153.5显示模块············································183.6功能选择模块········································234程序设计·········································244.1主程序设计··········································244.2心率测试程序设计····································294.3体温测试程序设计····································345设计完成及整体调试·······························415.1硬件电路的焊接及调试································415.2程序的下载及调试····································435.3调试中的干扰········································456总结和展望·······································46V6.1总结··············································466.2展望··············································47参考文献···········································48致谢·············································50附录1设计总电路图······························51附录2设计实物图································52附录3程序清单··································54附录4外文文献及翻译····························69山东科技大学本科毕业设计（论文）11绪论1.1选题背景及意义心率（HeartRate）是用来描述心动周期的专业术语，是指心脏每分钟跳动的次数，以第一声音为准。心率，现代汉语将心率解释为“心脏跳动的频率”。频率就是在单位时间内，某件事情发生的次数。两种解释合起来就是，心脏在一定时间内跳动的次数，也就是在一定时间内，心脏跳动快慢的意思。健康成人的心率为60～100次/分，大多数为60～80次/分，女性稍快；3岁以下的小儿常在100次/分以上；老年人偏慢。成人每分钟心率超过100次（一般不超过160次/分）或婴幼儿超过150次/分者，称为窦性心动过速。常见于正常人运动、兴奋、激动、吸烟、饮酒和喝浓茶后。也可见于发热、休克、贫血、甲亢、心力衰竭及应用阿托品、肾上腺素、麻黄素等。如果心率在160～220次/分，常称为阵发性心动过速。心率低于60次/分者（一般在40次/分以上），称为窦性心动过缓。可见于长期从事重体力劳动和运动员；病理性的见于甲状腺机能低下、颅内压增高、阻塞性黄疸、以及洋地黄、奎尼丁或心得安类药物过量或中毒。如心率低于40次/分，应考虑有房室传导阻滞。心率过快超过160次/分，或低于40次/分，大多见于心脏病病人，病人常有心悸、胸闷、心前区不适，应及早进行详细检查，以便针对病因进行治疗。体温是指机体内部的温度。人体的温度是相对恒定的，正常人在24小时内体温略有波动，一般相差不超过1度。生理状态下，早晨体温略低，下午略高。运动、进食后、妇女月经期前或妊娠期体温稍高，而老年人体温偏低。体温高于正常称为发热，37.3～38摄氏度为低热，38.1～39摄氏山东科技大学本科毕业设计（论文）2度为中度发热，39.1～41摄氏度为高热，41摄氏度以上为超高热。人体温度相对恒定是维持人体正常生命活动的重要条件之一，如体温高于41摄氏度或低于25摄氏度时将严重影响各系统（特别是神经系统）的机能活动，甚至危害生命。机体的产热和散热，是受神经中枢调节的，很多疾病都可使体温正常调节机能发生障碍而使体温发生变化。可见，心率和体温是人体中非常重要的生命信息，与人体的健康问题息息相关，及时检测人体的心率及体温状况，观察其变化对诊断疾病或预防疾病有重要意义。鉴于此，特选择了基于单片机的数字人体心率计作为毕业设计。本设计是以51单片机作为主控制芯片，用于实现驱动传感器、信息加工计算和驱动数码管显示结果等功能，而心率信号和体温信号分别由红外光电传感器和18b20温度传感器采集，由数码管显现最终结果，是集心率测量和体温测量与于一体的数字式电子设备。1.2国内外研究现状和发展趋势近年来，全球医疗器械产业快速发展，贸易往来活跃，平均增速达7%左右，是同期国民经济增长速度的两倍左右。医疗器械产业作为全球高新技术产业竞争的焦点领域，其竞争正在向技术、人才、管理、服务、资本、标准等多