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中国传统的待客之道要求饭菜丰富多样,让客人吃不完。中国宴席上典型的菜单包括开席的一套凉菜及其后的热菜,例如肉类、鸡鸭、蔬菜等。大多数宴席上,全鱼被认为是必不可少的,除非已经上过各式海鲜。如今,中国人喜欢把西方特色菜与传统中式菜肴融于一席,因此牛排上桌也不少见。沙拉也已流行起来,尽管传统上中国人一般不吃任何未经烹饪的菜肴。宴席通常至少有一道汤,可以最先上或最后上桌。甜点和水果通常标志宴席的结束。ThetraditionalChinesehospitalityrequiresfooddiversity,sothatguestswillbefullbeforeeatingupallthedishes.AtypicalChinesebanquetmenuincludescolddishesservedatthebeginning,followedbyhotdishes,suchasmeat,poultry,vegetables,etc.Atmostbanquets,thewholefishisconsideredtobeessential,unlessvariouskindsofseafoodhavebeenservedalready.Today,ChinesepeoplewouldliketocombineWesternspecialtieswithtraditionalChinesedishes.Therefore,itisnotraretoseesteakbeingservedaswell.Saladisgainingpopularity,althoughtraditionallytheChinesepeoplegenerallydonoteatanyfoodwithoutcooking.Thereisusuallyatleastabowlofsoup,servedatthebeginningorintheendofthedinnerparty.Dessertsandfruitusuallymarktheendofthefeast.对龙图腾的崇拜在中国大约已绵延了八千多年。中国龙是古人将鱼、蛇、马、牛等动物与云雾、雷电等自然天象集合而成的一种神物。中国龙的形成与中华民族的多元融合过程同步。在中国人的心目中,龙具有振奋腾飞、开拓变化的寓意和团结凝聚的精神。TheworshipofChineseDragontoteminChinahasbeenaroundforthelast8,000years.TheancientsinChinaconsideredthedragonasafetishthatcombinesanimalsincludingthefish,snake,horseandoxwithcloud,thunder,lightningandothernaturalcelestialphenomena.TheChinesedragonwasformedinaccordancewiththemulticulturalfusionprocessoftheChinesenation.TotheChinese,thedragonsignifiesinnovationandcohesion.中华老字号(Chinacenturies-old/time-honoredbrands)是指那些历史悠久并拥有良好信誉的中国企业。这些企业往往具有鲜明的中华民族传统文化特征,拥有高品质的产品、技艺或服务,取得广泛的社会认同。同仁堂(Tongrentang)和全聚德(Quanjude)均属北京的老字号。同仁堂创建于1669年,其药品以优良的传统工艺和显著的疗效享誉海内外。以北京烤鸭闻名的全聚德创建于1864年,是中国著名的饭店。Chinatime-honoredbrandsrefertotheChinesecompanieswhichhavealonghistoryaswellasagoodreputation.WithdistinctcharacteristicsoftraditionalChineseculture,theygetextensivepublicrecognitionbyofferinggood-qualityproducts,techniquesorservices.BothTongrentangandQuanjudearethetime-honoredbrandsinBeijing.Tongrentangwasfoundedin1669,anditsmedicalproductshaveenjoyedagoodreputationbothathomeandabroadforexcellenttraditionalmanufacturingtechniquesandgoodeffects.Foundedin1864andwell-knownforitsBeijingroastducks,QuanjudeisafamousrestaurantinChina.孔庙(TempleofConfucius)坐落于山东省曲阜市南门内,是纪念我国伟大思想家、教育家孔子的祠庙建筑(templebuilding),也是一组具有东方风格的大型建筑群。由于孔子创立的儒家思想(Confucianism)对于维护社会统治安定所起到的重要作用,孔庙便被古代帝王所器重。在古代经常举办祭孔典礼,或者是由皇帝自己,或者是由皇帝委任的高级官员。祭孔的规模和祭天一样宏大。由此,孔子在历史上的重要地位便可见一斑。LocatedinsidethesouthgateofQufu,Shandong,theTempleofConfuciusisalargecomplexoftemplebuildingsinorientalstyleinmemoryofConfucius,China'sgreatthinkerandeducator.TheimportanceofConfucianismcreatedbyConfuciusinmaintainingthesocialrulingstabilitymadeancientemperorsputahighvalueontheTempleofConfucius.InancienttimessacrificeswereoftenofferedtoConfucius,eitherbyEmperorsthemselves,orbyemperor-appointedhighofficials.ThescaleofofferingsacrificestoConfuciuswasasgrandasthatgiventotheHeaven.ThisgivesusanobviousideaoftheimportanceofConfuciusinhistory.中国独有的文书工具(calligraphictools),即笔、墨、纸、砚(inkstone),被称为“文房四宝(FourTreasuresoftheStudy)。从名称上,我们不难看出中国的书法家和画家珍视它们的程度。尽管这四种工具已经发生了演变,人们仍然相信,如果不使用传统的文房四宝,中国艺术作品就出不了杰作。其他东方国家也继承了中国的这个传统,比如日本。也许这就是为什么日本书法和绘画与中国书法和国画很相似的原因。Chineseparticularcalligraphictoolsincludebrush,ink,paperandinkstone,whichareknownasFourTreasuresoftheStudy”.WecaneasilytellHowChinesecalligraphersandpaintersvaluethemfromthename.Despitetheevolutionofthefourtools,itisbelievedthatnoChineseartworkcanbeamasterpiecewithoutusingthetraditionalfourtreasures.OtherorientalnationssuchasJapanhasinheritedthisChinesetradition.Maybethat'swhyJapanesecalligraphyandJapanesepaintingresembleChinesecalligraphyandChinesepainting.儒家思想是中国影响最大的思想流派,也是中国古代的主流意识。自汉代以来儒家思想就是封建统治阶级的指导思想之一。儒家思想的核心其实是一种人道主义。它提倡自我修养,认为人是可教化的、可完善的。儒家思想的一个宏大的目标就是实现“大同社会”,在这样一个社会中,每个人都能扮演好自己的角色,并与他人维持好关系。ConfucianismisthelargestinfluentialChineseschoolofthoughts,andthemainstreamconsciousnessoftheancientChina.ConfucianismhadbeenoneoftherulingdoctrinesofthefeudalrulingclasssincetheHanDynasty.ThecoreofConfucianismisactuallyakindofhumanism.Itadvocatesself-cultivation,andbelievesthathumanbeingsareteachableandimprovable.AgrandgoalofConfucianismistoachieveaharmonioussociety,inwhicheachindividualplayshisorherpartwell,andmaintainsagoodrelationshipwithothers.我国已经织起了世界上最大的基本医疗保障网,2015年,城镇职工基本医疗保险、城镇居民基本医疗保险、新型农村合作医疗3项基本医疗保险参保人数超过13亿,参保率保持在95%以上,较2010年提高了3个百分点。2015年新农合、城镇居民医保人均筹资增加到500元左右,其中政府补助标准提高到380元,比2010年(120元)增长了2.2倍。2014年3项基本医疗保险住院费用政策范围内报销比例均达到70%以上。实施城乡居民大病保险,全面建立疾病应急救助制度。Chinahaswoventhelargestbasichealthcarenetworkintheworld.In2015,over1.3billionpeopleparticipatedinUrbanEmployeeBasicMedicalInsurance,UrbanResidentBasicMedicalInsurance,andNewRuralCooperativeMedicalInsurance.Theinsuredrateremainedatmorethan95percent,increasingby3percentagepointscomparedwiththatof2010.In2015,NRCMIandURBMIpercapitalfundingincreasedto500yuan,withanincreaseto380yuaningovernmentsubsidies,whichhasgrownby2.2timescomparedtothefigurein2010(120yuan).In2014,morethan70percentofhospitalizationexpenseswerereimbursableunderthethreebasicmedicalinsurancespolicy.Criticalillnessinsuranceprogramforurbanandruralresidentshasbeeni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