分类号:单位代码:10019密级:学号:B06070402博士学位论文阔褶水蛙皮肤抗菌肽分离纯化、cDNA克隆以及分子结构与生物功能的研究Purification,cDNACloning,CharacterizationandFunctionsofAntimicrobialPeptidesfromtheSkinofHylaranaLatouchii(Ranidae)研究生:王辉指导教师:孙君社教授申请学位门类级别:工学博士专业名称:食品生物技术研究方向:食品酶工程所在学院:食品科学与营养工程学院二零零九年六月CHINAAGRICULTURALUNIVERSITYPh.DTHESISPurification,cDNACloning,CharacterizationandFunctionsofAntimicrobialPeptidesfromtheSkinofHylaranaLatouchii(Ranidae)CANDIDATE:WangHuiSUPERVISOR:Prof.SunJun-sheSPECIALTY:FoodBiotechnologyRESEARCHFIELD:EnzymeEngineeringCollege:FoodScienceandNutritionalEngineeringJUNE,2009独创性声明本人声明所呈交的论文是我个人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及所取得的研究成果。尽我所知,除了文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外,论文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果,也不包含为获得中国农业大学或其他教育机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料。与我一同工作的同志对本研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。研究生签名:时间:年月日关于论文使用授权的说明本人完全了解中国农业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,即:学校有权保留送交论文的复印件和磁盘,允许论文被查阅和借阅,可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存、汇编学位论文。同意中国农业大学可以用不同方式在媒体上发表、传播学位论文的全部或部分内容。(保密的学位论文在解密后应遵守此协议)研究生签名:时间:年月日导师签名:时间:年月日II摘要两栖类抗菌肽作为其先天免疫系统的重要组成部分,能够破坏病原菌的细胞膜而导致其死亡,同时两栖类抗菌肽拥有抗菌谱广、抗菌力强、免疫原性低、对哺乳动物的正常细胞伤害性小等特点,使得其非常具有开发成为新型抗菌制剂的潜能。因此寻找新颖的两栖类抗菌肽,将会对人类解决耐抗生素类药物的病原菌不断出现的难题具有十分重要的意义。本研究以阔褶水蛙(Hylaranalatouchii)、黑斑侧褶蛙(Pelophylaxnigromaculata)和虎纹蛙(Hoplobatrachusrugulosus)为实验材料,通过RP-HPLC纯化,筛选cDNA文库等手段得到了几种抗菌肽及其编码cDNA序列,并对其中部分多肽进行了一系列生物活性及理化性质测定,主要研究结果如下:1通过RP-HPLC从阔褶水蛙皮肤分泌物中纯化出3种抗菌肽,并从其皮肤组织cDNA文库中克隆出7个不同的cDNA序列,这7个cDNA序列能够编码7种新颖的抗菌肽前体蛋白,它们分属于3个抗菌肽家族。通过分析成熟多肽的结构特点确定它们为brevinin-1、brevinin-2和temporin家族抗菌肽,进而研究了其昀小抑菌浓度、溶血、抗肿瘤细胞等活性,并通过圆二色光谱、扫描电子显微镜等方法研究了它们的二级结构特点并且推测了抗菌机制。2通过3’RACE技术经PCR法成功从黑斑侧褶蛙皮肤组织中筛选出1个抗菌肽cDNA编码序列,命名为Pelophylaxin-1NG。经blast生物信息学分析,未找到与Pelophylaxin-1NGcDNA序列同源的序列,根据此cDNA序列推导出的成熟抗菌肽序列与从我国金线侧褶蛙(Pelophylaxplancyifukienensis)中克隆到的抗菌肽Pelophylaxin-1前体具有高度的同源性。3利用虎纹蛙皮肤刮取物为材料,成功构建出cDNA文库。利用此文库克隆到2个抗菌肽cDNA编码序列,命名为tigerinin-HR1和tigerinin-HR2。经blast生物信息学分析,未找到与tigerinin-HR1和tigerinin-HR2cDNA序列同源的序列,这2个抗菌肽cDNA序列是首次从虎纹蛙皮肤组织中克隆出的抗菌肽编码基因。根据这两个cDNA序列推导出的成熟抗菌肽序列与报道的从印度虎纹蛙皮肤分泌物中利用HPLC纯化出来的抗菌肽tigerinins有较高同源性。本研究所发现的10种抗菌肽,不但丰富了抗菌肽家族成员,而且为寻找新型的抗菌肽类临床制剂提供了有益的参考,同时为抗菌肽的分子结构、抗菌机制等方面的理论研究和抗菌肽的应用性推广打下了坚实的基础。关键词:阔褶水蛙,抗菌肽,皮肤分泌物,cDNA克隆IIAbstractTheantimicrobialpeptidesfromskinofamphibianspossessbroad-spectrumantibacterialandantifungalactivities,whilerelativelylowcytolyticactivityagainstnormalmammaliancells.Besides,agreatnumberofantimicrobialpeptides,whichtendtoformanamphipathica-helicalconformation,canphysicallypermeateanddestroythecellmembraneofmicrobes.Comparedtotheconventionaldrugsthatkillmicrobesbytargetingintracellularcomponents,themembrane-disturbingmechanismmakesitdifficultforthepathogentodevelopdrugresistance.Takingtogether,antimicrobialpeptidesfromskinofamphibianshavepotentialtobecomenovelanti-infectivetherapeuticagents.Therefore,searchingfornovelamphibianantimicrobialpeptides,andunderstandingtheirpharmacological,pharmacokinetic,immunogenicandstabilitycharacteristicaresignificantforustosolvetheproblemofincreasingpathogenicmicroorganismsresistanttoconventionalantibiotics.Inthisstudy,afewantimicrobialpeptidesandtheircDNAswereisolatedfromHylaranalatouchii,PelophylaxnigromaculataandHoplobatrachusrugulosusbyHPLCandscreeningcDNAlibrary.Thenweanalysedtheirbiologicalactivitiesandphysicochemicalproperties.Thisresearchprovidedthefoundationoftheoreticsandapplicationforantimicrobialpeptides.Themainresultsweresummarizedasfollows:1WepurifiedandcharacterizedthreeantimicrobialpeptidesfromtheskinsecretionofH.latouchii.SevendifferentcDNAfragmentsencodingtheprecursorsoftheseantimicrobialpeptideswerecloned,andsevenmatureantimicrobialpeptidesbelongingtothreedifferentfamilieswerededucedfromthesevencDNAs.Structuralcharacterizationofthematurepeptideshadidentifiedthemasmembersofthebrevinin-1、brevinin-2andtemporinfamilies.Wealsostudiedtheirminimalinhibitoryconcentrations,Hemolysis,anticanceractivitiesandsoon,andthroughcirculardichroismspectraandscanningelectronmicrographstoanalysetheirsecondarystructuretomakesuretheirantimicrobialmechanism.2Inthisstudy,acDNAsencodingonenovelantimicrobialpeptideprecursorsnamedPelophylaxin-1NGwasclonedby3’RACEtechniquefromskinofP.nigromaculata.TherewasnohomologoussequencewithPelophylaxin-1NGcDNAsequencebyblastinganalyse.TheaminoacidsequenceofPelophylaxin-1NGprecursordeducedfromthecDNAsequencesexhibitedhighlysimilaritywithantimicrobialpeptidesPelophylaxin-1precursorfromtheChineseP.plancyifukienensis.3WeusedtissuescrapedfromtheskinofH.rugulosustoconstructafulllengthcDNAlibrary.TwodifferentcDNAsequencesencodingprecursorproteinsnamedtigerinin-HR1andtigerinin-HR2wereobtainedbyPCR.Therewerenohomologoussequencewithtigerinin-HR1andtigerinin-HR2cDNAssequencebyblastinganalyse.Theaminoacidsequencesofmaturetigerinin-HR1andtigerinin-HR2deducedfromthecDNAsequencesexhibitedhighlysimilaritywithantimicrobialpeptidestigerininspurifiedfromtheIndianfrogRanatigerinabyRP-HPLC.Thesequenceidentitywas91%.Thetennovelantimicrobialpeptidesfoundinthisstudy,notonlyenrichedthemembersoftheantimicrobialpeptides,butalsoprovidedexcellentreferencefortheproductionofantimicrobialIIIpeptidesagent.Thisresearchprovidedthefoundationoftheoreticsandapplicationforantimicrobialpepti