doi10.3969/j.issn.1000-484X.2014.01.002①81330071。NK①230027R392A1000-484X201401-0014-041963-、、Cellular&MolecularImmunology。PNAS、NatCommun、Hepatology、Gastroenterology、PLoSPathog、JAutoimmun、JIm-munolSCI16SCI55。1956-、。CellMolImmunol。2001、2007、20082011《》。2008、2011。Immunity、JClinInvest、JExpMed、PNAS、NatureCom-mun、Gastroenterology、Hepatology、JAllergyClinImmunol、PloSPathogen、JHepatol、JImmunolSCI159WebofScience2415、、、30。NKNKNK12。NK19LeukocytereceptorcomplexLRC12NKNKre-ceptorcomplexNKC1020、NKNK。NK、NK34NKNKNKTINK。NKNKCD34+NKSCF、Flt3-L、IL-7、IL-15NKNK、NKtolerant、NKcytotoxic、NKregulatoryNK。NK。1NKNKCD34+HSCNKNKP、NKiNKNKmNK。NK。FLT-3c-kitSCFCD34+HSCIL-2/IL-15RβCD122CD34+CD122+CD56-NKPCD122IL-15。IL-15NKCD56CD3-CD56+NK5。·41·201430NKSLT。CD56brightNKCD56dimNK。SLTCD34+CD45RA+α4β7+c-kit+CD2+CD7-CD62L+CD25+CD10-CD56brightCD16dim/-NK6。CD34+CD45RA+NK7IL-15DCAPCs。CD561FGFR-1CD56brightNKCD56dimNKCD56NK8。、NK、、ELPNK。NK、EducatedPrimed。NK“”MHCⅠIL-12、IL-15、IL-18、IL-21ⅠNKPrimedNKNKLicensedNK、9。2NKCD56CD16NKCD56brightCD16-NKCD56dimCD16+NK。CD56dimCD16+NKCD16、KIRLFA-1CD94/NKG2AαIL-2IL-2RβγCD56brightCD16-NKIL-2IL-2RαβγCD94/NKG2ALCD62LCD16KIRIFN-γ、TNF-β、IL-10、IL-13GM-CSF。CD56dimCD16+NKNKCD56brightCD16-NK1011。NKCD56NK。CD27CD11bNKCD11blowCD27low、CD11blowCD27high、CD11bhighCD27highCD11bhighCD27lowNK、、。NKCD11blowCD27low→CD11blowCD27high→CD11bhighCD27high→CD11bhighCD27low12。13、、NKCD11b-CD27-DNNK、CD27+SPNK、CD11b+CD27+DPNKCD11b+SPNKDNNKNKCD27+SPNKCD11b+SPNK。NKdNKCD27-CD11b-NKDNNKpNKNKcNKCD11b+SPNKNKTINK。3NKNK、NKNK。①NK。NKCD56lowCD16-CD56lowCD16+NK14。NKIL-10NKIL-12IL-18NKG2ANK。IL-6IL-18NKTRAIL、。②CD56highCD16-NK。CD56highCD16-NKCD9CD103KIR。NKp46、LFA-1、NKG2D、NKp44·51·NK1。NKNK。NKCD56hiCD16-NKCXCR4CD34+CD56hiCD16-NK。NKCD56brightCD27+IFNγTh17NK15。③CD56+NKp44+NK。。CD56+NKp44+NKCCR6、CD96CD103CCR6CCL20。CD56+NKp44+NKIL-22IL-26、LIFIL-17NK-2216。NK-22CD56+CD127+RORγt+NKNKp44、NKp30NKp46ANKG2D、KIR2DL2-KIR2DL3CD94。NKinnatelymphoidcellsILCsNKT-bet+ILCILC1ROR!+IL-5IL-13ILCILC2RORt+IL-22IL-17ILCILC317。NKSLEIFNαCD226+NK18。NKTINKCD27-CD11b-DNNK。HBVITHBVDNA、NKNKG2D2B4DAP10SAPNKHBV19。4NKNK、TTNK、、。NK20CD56dimCD16+NKCXCR1、CXCR2、CXCR3、CXCR4CX3CR1CD56brightCD16-NKCCR5CCR7。NK、CD56hiCD16-NKCXCL12。NKCD2、CD226、β1integrinsβ2integrinsNK。NKCD226NKCD226、LFA-1NKNK21。NK。E4pb4、Id2PU.1NKNK2223T-betNKNKT-betEomesNK2425。。microRNANKNKmiR-483-3pNKNKNKIGF-1IFN-26。5NKNKNKNKNKNKNK“·61·2014301NKFig.1DevelopmentdifferentiationandfunctionsofNKcells”SCF、Flt3-L、IL-7IL-15NK、NKNK、CD8+T27。NKNK“”NKNKNKtolerant、NK、NKcytotoxic、、NKregulatory、1。1VivierETomaselloEBaratinMetal.Functionsofnaturalkil-lercellsJ.NatImmunol200895503-510.2ParhamPMoffettA.VariableNKcellreceptorsandtheirMHCclassIligandsinimmunityreproductionandhumanevolutionJ.NatRevImmunol2013132133-144.3ShiFLjunggrenHCavaAetal.Organ-specificfeaturesofnat-uralkillercellsJ.NatRevImmunol20111110658-671.4VivierERauletDHMorettaAetal.Innateoradaptiveimmu-nityTheexampleofnaturalkillercellsJ.Science2011331601344-49.5CaligiuriM.HumannaturalkillercellJ.Blood20081123461-469.6FreudABecknellBRoychowdhurySetal.AhumanCD34+subsetresidesinlymphnodesanddifferentiatesintoCD56brightnaturalkillercellsJ.Immunity2005223295-304.7ChinenHMatsuokaKSatoTetal.Laminapropriac-kit+im-muneprecursorsresideinhumanadultintestineanddifferentiateintonaturalkillercellsJ.Gastroenterology20071332559-573.8ChanAHongDLAtzbergerAetal.CD56brighthumanNKcellsdifferentiateintoCD56dimcellsroleofcontactwithperipheralfi-broblastsJ.JImmunol2007179189-94.9HoglundPBrodinP.CurrentperspectivesofnaturalkillercelleducationbyMHCclassImoleculesJ.NatRevImmunol20101010724-734.10YuJMaoHCWeiMetal.CD94surfacedensityidentifiesafunctionalintermediarybetweentheCD56brightandCD56dimhu-manNK-cellsubsetsJ.Blood20101152274-281.11BjorkstromNKRiesePHeutsFetal.ExpressionpatternsofNKG2AKIRandCD57defineaprocessofCD56dimNK-celldifferentiationuncoupledfromNKcelleducationJ.Blood2010116193853-3864.12ChiossoneLChaixJFuseriNetal.MaturationofmouseNKcellsisa4-stagedevelopmentalprogramJ.Blood2009113225488-5496.13FuBWangFSunRetal.CD11bandCD27reflectdistinctpopulationandfunctionalspecializationinhumannaturalkillercellsJ.Immunology20111333350-359.14HuntingtonNVosshenrichCDiSantoJ.Developmentalpath-waysthatgeneratenatural-killer-celldiversityinmiceandhu-mansJ.NatRevImmunol200779703-714.15FuBLiXSunRetal.NaturalkillercellspromoteimmunetolerancebyregulatinginflammatoryTH17cellsatthehumanma-ternal-fetalinterfaceJ.ProcNatlAcadSciUSA20131103E231-E240.16CellaMFuchsAVermiWetal.AhumannaturalkillercellsubsetprovidesaninnatesourceofIL-22formucosalimmunityJ.Nature20094577230722-725.17SpitsHArtisDColonnaMetal.Innatelymphoidcells-apro-posalforuniformnomenclatureJ.NatRevImmunol2013132145-149.18HuangZFuBZhengSGetal.InvolvementofCD226+NKcellsinimmunopathogenesisofsystemiclupuserythematosusJ.JImmunol201118663421-3431.19SunCFuBGaoYetal.TGF-β1down-regulationofNKG2D/DAP10and2B4/SAPexpressiononhumanNKcellscontributestoHBVpersistenceJ.PLoSPathog201283e1002594.20BernardiniGGismondiASantoniA.ChemokinesandNKcellsregulatorsofdevelopmenttraffickingandfunctionsJ.ImmunolLett20